Abstract-This paper presents an overall analysis of how the penetration of distributed generation in low-voltage secondary distribution networks affects voltage stability. It is critical that the voltage collapse point be carefully studied under different system operating points to prevent degradation of service. System components have been sophisticatedly modeled in ATP/EMTP. DGs are allocated in a probabilistic fashion to account for uncertainties in future allocation. A large number of experiments under both light and peak load conditions have been carried out to provide realistic results. Results indicate that voltage stability is positively correlated with penetration of DG, but large induction type DG may lower the voltage stability margin.Index Terms--Distributed power generation, power systems, power system stability, reactive power, smart grids.
I. INTRODUCTIONDistributed generation (DG) has become an increasingly important source in the modern power grid. Although the cost of installation is high, DG benefits the customers by providing electricity endemic to the customer rather than at a distant generator. Therefore, DG can help to reduce the demand at peak times so that power congestion may be minimized preventing degradation of service. Yet, research efforts reveal that there are challenges that DG poses to the safe and reliable operation of distribution systems [1]- [16].To provide optimal reliability to customers, in case of multiple contingencies, the meshed low-voltage (LV) secondary networks are applied to major metropolitan areas and business districts. There is more effort involved in interconnecting DG with meshed networks compared to radial ones since the operation strategies are different [17], [18]. For instance, in meshed networks the reverse power flow from LV networks to medium-voltage (MV) networks is forbidden, which means the network protection will be tripped if the power flows from secondary side to primary side. Significant research effort has been invested in elucidating the advantages and disadvantages of DG for radial networks [29]. However, because of the characteristics and constraints of mesh networks, it would be difficult to implement certain optimization strategies for DG allocation. Therefore, a probabilistic approach is proposed based on the relationship between customer demand and DG parameters (type, size, and location) [26], [27]. In this paper, a probabilistic approach to allocation will be applied.In the 1990s the voltage stability problem became an interesting topic for transmission networks and was extensively studied [30]-[32]. Recently, with the advent of new DG technology, voltage stability studies have been extended to distribution networks [33]. In this paper the longterm voltage stability will be considered to reveal the the system's ability to maintain steady voltage profiles following small disturbances experienced through continuous variations in load [34]-[36].In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of how the penetration of DG may affect th...