Analysis of Veterinary Growth Promoters in Airborne Particulate Matter by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Blackwell, Brett R.; Buser, Michael D.; Johnson, B. J.; Baker, Mark A.; Cobb, George P.; Smith, Philip

doi:10.1021/bk-2013-1126.ch005

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Due to the greater exposure potential of steroid growth promoters to aquatic organisms, most research on steroid transport has focused on transport via effluent or surface runoff; 15−21 however, recent research has documented steroid transport via airborne particulate matter (PM) emanating from beef cattle feedyards. 22,23 The top six cattle producing states (Nebraska, Texas, Kansas, Iowa, Colorado, and California) account for 75% of U.S. beef cattle on feed. 2 Within these top cattle producing states, cattle feeding operations are predominantly located in semiarid to arid regions, averaging less than 510 mm of precipitation annually.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characterization of Steroid Growth Promoters Associated with Particulate Matter Originating from Beef Cattle Feedyards

Blackwell

Wooten

Buser

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Studies of steroid growth promoters from beef cattle feedyards have previously focused on effluent or surface runoff as the primary route of transport from animal feeding operations. There is potential for steroid transport via fugitive airborne particulate matter (PM) from cattle feedyards; therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the occurrence and concentration of steroid growth promoters in PM from feedyards. Air sampling was conducted at commercial feedyards (n = 5) across the Southern Great Plains from 2010 to 2012. Total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 were collected for particle size analysis and steroid growth promoter analysis. Particle size distributions were generated from TSP samples only, while steroid analysis was conducted on extracts of PM samples using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Of seven targeted steroids, 17α-estradiol and estrone were the most commonly detected, identified in over 94% of samples at median concentrations of 20.6 and 10.8 ng/g, respectively. Melengestrol acetate and 17α-trenbolone were detected in 31% and 39% of all PM samples at median concentrations of 1.3 and 1.9 ng/g, respectively. Results demonstrate PM is a viable route of steroid transportation and may be a significant contributor to environmental steroid hormone loading from cattle feedyards.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characterization of Steroid Growth Promoters Associated with Particulate Matter Originating from Beef Cattle Feedyards

Blackwell

Wooten

Buser

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Estrogens were detected more frequently than androgens (Blackwell et al, 2013), and among the androgens, a-trenbolone was detected more frequently than trendione and b-trenbolone (Blackwell et al, 2011). Detection frequencies were greater in this study than in previous studies for all steroids (i.e., 94% for a-trenbolone vs. 82% in Blackwell et al, 2011;100% a+b-estradiol vs. 62%, Blackwell et al, 2013), which is likely a reflection of the large concentrations of PM collected in this study (up to 39,060 mg/m 3 ) as compared to previous studies (420-22,000 mg/m 3 , Blackwell et al, 2011;97-1685 mg/m 3 , Sweeten et al, 1998;185-262 mg/m 3 , Guo et al, 2011). Previous PM data was collected in different locations (Southern High Plains, Kansas, Australia), and this combined with variation in weather conditions and season of sampling is likely to explain much of the variation in observed concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Steroids quantified were selected based on their frequent use in feedyard management (USDA, 2013) and prior detection in feedyard PM (Blackwell et al, 2011(Blackwell et al, , 2013, and included estrogens (estrone, a-and b-estradiol), androgens (a-and b-trenbolone, trendione), and a progestin (melengestrol acetate). Sample cleanup and quantitation were based on the methods of Blackwell et al (2013) with small modifications.…”

Section: Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample cleanup and quantitation were based on the methods of Blackwell et al (2013) with small modifications. Briefly, following extraction in methanol, samples underwent a solvent exchange to 95:5 hexane:methylene chloride, were passed through a Florosil SPE cartridge, were eluted in 60:40 acetone:hexane, and underwent another solvent exchange and filtration (0.2 mm regenerated cellulose) prior to LC-MS/MS analysis.…”

Section: Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have identified and quantified anabolic steroids in airborne particulate matter (PM) emanating from beef cattle feedyards (Blackwell et al, 2011(Blackwell et al, , 2013. Most commercial U.S. feedyards house over 1000 cattle (USDA, 2013), which leads to production of large amounts of manure, the primary component of feedyard PM (Huang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Airborne particulate matter collected near beef cattle feedyards induces androgenic and estrogenic activity in vitro

Wooten

Blackwell

McEachran

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond

Tong

Baklanov

Barker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Risks associated with dust hazards are often underappreciated, a gap between the knowledge pool and public awareness that can be costly for impacted communities. This study reviews the emission sources and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of airborne soil particles (dust) and their effects on human and environmental health and safety in the Pan-American region. American dust originates from both local sources (western United States, northern Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina) and long-range transport from Africa and Asia. Dust properties, as well as the trends and interactions with criteria air pollutants, are summarized. Human exposure to dust is associated with adverse health effects, including asthma, allergies, fungal infections, and premature death. In the Americas, a well-documented and striking effect of soil dust is its association with Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley fever, an infection caused by inhalation of soil-dwelling fungi unique to this region. Besides human health, dust affects environmental health through nutrients that increase phytoplankton biomass, contaminants that diminish water supply and affect food (crops/ fruits/vegetables and ready-to-eat meat), spread crop and marine pathogens, cause Valley fever among domestic and wild animals, transport heavy metals, radionuclides and microplastics, and reduce solar and wind power generation. Dust is also a safety hazard to road transportation and aviation, in the southwestern US where blowing dust is one of the deadliest weather hazards. To mitigate the harmful effects, coordinated regional and international efforts are needed to enhance dust observations and prediction capabilities, soil conservation measures, and Valley fever and other disease surveillance.Plain Language Summary Soil particles suspended in the air, commonly known as dust, impose substantial risks to many sectors of society, including human health, environmental health, transportation safety and the general economy. This work focuses on the dust effects in the Pan-American region, where the knowledge is rather fragmented, but impacts are costly.

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Analysis of Veterinary Growth Promoters in Airborne Particulate Matter by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Occurrence and Characterization of Steroid Growth Promoters Associated with Particulate Matter Originating from Beef Cattle Feedyards

Occurrence and Characterization of Steroid Growth Promoters Associated with Particulate Matter Originating from Beef Cattle Feedyards

Airborne particulate matter collected near beef cattle feedyards induces androgenic and estrogenic activity in vitro

Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond

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