Analysis of venom constituents from the parasitoid wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca and cloning of a cDNA encoding a venom protein

Molecular Pharmacology and Toxinology of Venom from Ants

“…Additionaly, two peptides with less than 10 kDa, as well as proteins with molecular weight ranging from 26-90 kDa were also found in the venom of Myrmecia pilosula [32]. The electrophoretic profile of wasps also shows variation in the protein molecular weight, ranging from 5 to 200kDa [33,34], whereas the venoms of bees was shown to range from 2 to108 kDa [35].…”

Insecticides and Parasitoids

“…Many kinds of venom in Pimpla hypocondriaca has already been reported and well reviewed by Moreau & Guillot (2005). In pupal endoparasitoid Pimpla hypochondriaca, many functional proteins in venom have been analysed; 28 k and 30 kDa proteins as serine protease (Parkinson et al 2002a), 22 kDa as pimplin of paralytic peptide (Parkinson et al 2002b), 39.9 kDa as reprolysin type metalloprotease (Parkinson et al 2002c), 74 kDa with antibacterial and proteolytic activity (Dani et al, 2003). Venom components of egg parasitoids is not clarified although a few case is analyzed; Telenomus heliothidis (Strand et al, 1983, Strand, 1986, Trichogramma pretiosum (Strand, 1986), T. dendrolimi (Takada et al, 2000), T. australicum (Jarjees & Merritt, 2004).…”

Cloning and expression of the gene for an insect haemocyte anti‐aggregation protein (VPr3), from the venom of the endoparasitic wasp, Pimpla hypochondriaca

“…This is certainly true for the venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca, Retzius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (Parkinson and Weaver, 1999;Richards and Parkinson, 2000;Parkinson et al, 2002a;Dani et al, 2003Dani et al, , 2005. This venom has been reported to possess enzymes (Parkinson and Weaver, 1999;Dani et al, 2003Dani et al, , 2005 and immunosuppressive activity (Richards and Parkinson, 2000;Parkinson et al, 2002a). For example, P. hypochondriaca venom was shown to impair phagocytosis of bacteria in vitro and the encapsulation of Sephadex A-25 beads in vivo (Richards and Parkinson, 2000).…”

“…Indeed, most of the endoparasitoid venom genes described to date have been cloned from this venom gland cDNA library. However, the putative functions that have been assigned to many of these genes are based on homology of the deduced amino acid sequences with proteins that have a known function (Parkinson et al, 2001(Parkinson et al, , 2002a(Parkinson et al, -c, 2003(Parkinson et al, , 2004. No putative function was assigned for VPr3 since it was found to have no significant sequence homology with any other known protein, apart from P. hypochondriaca venom protein one (VPr1), which was identified in the same manner as VPr3 (Parkinson et al, 2003).…”