Analysis of Urinary Red Blood Cells of Healthy Individuals by an Automated Urinary Flow Cytometer

Hyodo, Toru; Kumano, Kazuo; Haga, Makoto; Sakai, Tadasu; Fukuda, Masakazu; Isami, Yasushi; Okada, Tokuhiro

doi:10.1159/000189584

“…The diagnostic criteria consider the genuine origin of all erythrocytes in a sample. Therefore, in low-level hematuria with an erythrocyte count near the lower limit of the abnormal range [24], small erythrocytes excreted physiologically affect the judgment and may cause a discrepancy to the true clinical diagnosis. In this pattern, also samples that should be judged to be isomorphic or mixed appear to contain more smaller erythrocytes and are misjudged to be mixed or dysmorphic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to urological disorders (isomorphic pattern), there are false negatives but no false positives. To avoid such discrepancy as good as possible and intend to bring the diagnostic criteria closer to the clinical truth, we prepare here a preliminary correction formula according to data obtained in healthy individuals [24]. The percentages of erythrocytes in each size category excreted physiologically from healthy individuals are taken from our previous paper [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This analyzer allows us to clearly distinguish urinary RBC, white blood cells, epithelial cells, casts, bacteria and crystals by their cross-sectional area and length of cells and nuclei. It analyzes and displays automatically and accurately the amount of these components within about 40 s without centrifugation [23, 24]. The detailed system and the urinary RBC flow cytometric morphology in healthy individuals have been already described [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It analyzes and displays automatically and accurately the amount of these components within about 40 s without centrifugation [23, 24]. The detailed system and the urinary RBC flow cytometric morphology in healthy individuals have been already described [24]. The present study was undertaken to clarify the criteria for differential diagnosis of hematuria by using this analyzer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Diagnosis between Glomerular and Nonglomerular Hematuria by Automated Urinary Flow Cytometer

Hyodo

¹

,

Kumano²,

Sakai³

1999

Nephron

Self Cite

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Objective, fast and easy methods have not been established in the examination of urine sediment to differentiate between glomerular and nonglomerular hematuria. In this study, we used a newly developed automated urinary flow cytometer that can clearly recognize red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells, epithelial cells, bacteria and crystals by their size and fluorescence intensity without sedimentation. 98 urine samples from 31 glomerular and 67 nonglomerular lesions were analyzed by the device, and the criteria to determine the origin of hematuria were established based on the results. Additional 108 cases were tested to evaluate the validity of these criteria. According to the analysis of histograms of urinary RBC size distribution, cases in whom ≥80% of all RBC have forward scatter (FSC) intensities ≦126 and <80% of all RBC have FSC intensities ≥84 were regarded as representing the glomerular type. Cases in whom ≥80% of all RBC have intensities FCS ≥84 and <80% all RBC have FSC intensities ≦126 were regarded as representing the nonglomerular type. Cases in whom <80% of all RBC have FSC intensities ≦126 and <80% of all RBC have FCS intensities ≥84 were regarded as the mixed type. Cases in whom ≥80% of all RBC have FSC intensities ≦126 and ≥80% of all RBC have FSC intensities ≥84 were regarded as the nonglomerular type. The sensitivity for glomerular RBC in the first 98 cases was 90.3% and the specificity 92.5%, and in the second 108 cases the values were 100 and 86.6%, respectively. The automated urinary flow cytometer is useful as a means for routine differential diagnosis of hematuria, and at least it is promising as the screening test for differentiation between glomerular and nonglomerular hematuria, because it can examine numerous samples within a short time and does not necessitate any special skill or knowledge.

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“…This type of distribution is quite common in both biological and nonbiological applications, such as trace elements in human samples (10,(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57), organic substances in human samples (58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68) and other substances in natural ecosystems (69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76). Since boron, lithium and strontium might not be under strict homeostatic control, they are largely excreted into the urine and the excretion rate of these trace elements directly depends on their concentrations.…”

Section: Lognormal Distributions Of Boron Lithium and Strontium In Umentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Boron, Lithium, and Strontium in Human Health and Profiles of These Elements in Urine of Japanese

Usuda

¹

,

Kono

²

,

Dote

³

et al. 2007

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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The biological, medical and environmental roles of trace elements have attracted considerable attention over the years. In spite of their relevance in nutritional, occupational and toxicological aspects, there is still a lack of consistent and reliable measurement techniques and reliable information on reference values. In this review our understandings of the urinary profilings of boron, lithium and strontium are summarized and fundamental results obtained in our laboratory are discussed.Over the past decade we have successfully used inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry for the determination of reference values for urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium. Taking into account the short biological half-life of these elements and the fact that their major excretion route is via the kidney, urine was considered to be a suitable material for monitoring of exposure to these elements. We confirmed that urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium follow a lognormal distribution. The geometric mean reference values and 95% confidence intervals were 798 μg/l (398-1599 μg/l) for boron, 23.5 μg/l (11.0-50.5 μg/l) for lithium and 143.9 μg/l (40.9-505.8 μg/l) for strontium. There were no discrepancies between our values and those previously reported. Our reference values and confidential intervals can be used as guidelines for the health screening of Japanese individuals to evaluate environmental or occupational exposure to these elements.

show abstract

An overview of boron, lithium, and strontium in human health and profiles of these elements in urine of Japanese

Usuda

¹

,

Kono

²

,

Dote

³

et al. 2007

Environ Health Prev Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The biological, medical and environmental roles of trace elements have attracted considerable attention over the years. In spite of their relevance in nutritional, occupational and toxicological aspects, there is still a lack of consistent and reliable measurement techniques and reliable information on reference values. In this review our understandings of the urinary profilings of boron, lithium and strontium are summarized and fundamental results obtained in our laboratory are discussed.Over the past decade we have successfully used inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry for the determination of reference values for urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium. Taking into account the short biological half-life of these elements and the fact that their major excretion route is via the kidney, urine was considered to be a suitable material for monitoring of exposure to these elements. We confirmed that urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium follow a lognormal distribution. The geometric mean reference values and 95% confidence intervals were 798 μg/l (398-1599 μg/l) for boron, 23.5 μg/l (11.0-50.5 μg/l) for lithium and 143.9 μg/l (40.9-505.8 μg/l) for strontium. There were no discrepancies between our values and those previously reported. Our reference values and confidential intervals can be used as guidelines for the health screening of Japanese individuals to evaluate environmental or occupational exposure to these elements.

show abstract

Analysis of Urinary Red Blood Cells of Healthy Individuals by an Automated Urinary Flow Cytometer

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Differential Diagnosis between Glomerular and Nonglomerular Hematuria by Automated Urinary Flow Cytometer

Differential Diagnosis between Glomerular and Nonglomerular Hematuria by Automated Urinary Flow Cytometer

An Overview of Boron, Lithium, and Strontium in Human Health and Profiles of These Elements in Urine of Japanese

An overview of boron, lithium, and strontium in human health and profiles of these elements in urine of Japanese

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