Analysis of tumor markers in pleural effusion and serum to verify the correlations between serum tumor markers and tumor size, TNM stage of lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background The study of tumor markers (TM) in pleural effusion (PE) was not extensive. Methods TM in PE and serum were analyzed to determine whether TM was expressed in intrathoracic and extrathoracic tissues. To further verify the correlations between serum TM and tumor size, TNM stage of lung adenocarcinoma. Results Serum AFP was not correlated with tumor size, T stage, N stage, and M stage (P > .05). Serum CEA, serum CA125, serum CA15‐3 were positively correlated with tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage (P < .05). Serum CA19‐9 was not significantly correlated with tumor size and T stage (P > .05), but was positively correlated with N stage and M stage (P < .05). The levels of PE CEA, PE CA125, PE CA15‐3 were higher than those of serum CEA, serum CA125, serum CA15‐3 (all P < .05). The level of PE AFP was lower than that of serum AFP (P < .05). The level of PE CA19‐9 was not significantly different from that of serum CA19‐9 (P > .05). The positive rates of PE CEA and PE CA125 were higher than those of serum CEA and serum CA125 (P < .05). The positive rates of PE AFP, PE CA15‐3, PE CA19‐9 were not significantly different from those of serum AFP, serum CA15‐3, serum CA19‐9 (P > .05).PE CEA, PE CA125, PE CA15‐3 were moderately positively correlated with serum CEA, serum CA125, serum CA15‐3, respectively (r = 0.597; r = 0.46; r = 0.583, all P < .05). However, PE AFP and PE CA19‐9 were very strongly positively correlated with serum AFP and serum CA19‐9, respectively (r = 0.888; r = 0.874, all P < .05). Conclusion The expression characteristics of TM in PE and serum supported the correlations between serum TM and tumor size, TNM stage of lung adenocarcinoma.

Discovery and validation of PZP as a novel serum biomarker for screening lung adenocarcinoma in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

“…Serum AFP was not correlated with T stage, N stage or M stage, but serum CEA and serum CA125 were positively correlated with T stage, N stage and M stage. Serum CA199 was not correlated with T stage but was positively correlated with N stage and M stage [ 26 ]. However, it is unknown whether these four biomarkers help to identify LAC in patients with T2DM.…”

Diagnostic Value of Six Tumor Markers for Malignant Pleural Effusion in 1,230 Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

“…The potential mechanism was that the tumor cells metastasize to the pleural cavity by the direct invasion of the pleura or blood [ 25 ]. Therefore, the invaded tumor cells directly secreted tumor markers into the pleural cavity or the blood, which were diluted [ 26 ]. Moreover, tumor cells might block lymphatic drainage, reducing tumor markers in the blood.…”

Development and Validation of a Scoring System for Early Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Effusion Based on a Nomogram

“…Nonetheless, which biomarkers are the key to determining the diagnosis of MPE are yet controversial. The traditional biomarkers, including CEA, CA125, CA19-9, CA15-3, CYFRA 21-1, and NSE, could be valuable in MPE diagnosis, whereas their low sensitivity and/or specificity render limited merit for definitive diagnosis ( 27 – 29 ). Furthermore, some ratios such as those of effusion/serum CEA, serum LDH/effusion ADA, and effusion NC/LC might also be useful in predicting MPE, but the optimal cutoff values are not yet recommended due to the heterogeneity of the test methods ( 17 , 21 , 30 ).…”

“…Nonetheless, which biomarkers are the key to determining the diagnosis of MPE are yet controversial. The traditional biomarkers, including CEA, CA125, CA19-9, CA15-3, CYFRA 21-1, and NSE, could be valuable in MPE diagnosis, whereas their low sensitivity and/or specificity render limited merit for definitive diagnosis (27)(28)(29).…”