Analysis of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract

Triterpenoids extracted from Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst were separated and characterized using optimized reversed-phase liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS n ). They could be classified into five types depending on the fragmentation behavior. second alcohol at C-15 were oxidized to ketone, the prominent cleavage would occur at C-ring and produce a group of ions of a; if C-7 were oxidized to ketone, transference of two hydrogen atoms would occur during the cleavage of rings and a list of ions about a ϩ 2 and/or b ϩ 2 would appear instead. The above fragmentations and regularities in fragmentation pathways were reported for the first time, and were implemented for the analysis of triterpenoids in G. lucidum. The chloroform extract was separated on a Zorbax SB-C 18 column, eluting with an acetonitrile-0.2% acetic acid gradient. A total of 32 triterpenoids, including six new ones, were identified or tentatively characterized based on the tandem mass spectra of the HPLC peaks. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007, 18, 927-939)

The potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as bioactive ingredients in topical formulations, beyond its nutritional benefits

“…In fact, an ESI-MS spectrum in negative mode was used in the present study and all triterpenoids gave [M -H] -and [2M -H] -ions in their negative ion mass spectra. The triterpenoids identified in the present work resulted from a comparison with literature data, regarding the UV spectra, retention time and MS fragmentation pattern, namely with the one reported for triterpenoids in the works of Guo et al (2012); Liu et al (2014); Pecic et al (2015); Qi et al (2012) &Yang et al (2007, which also studied G. lucidum samples. Ganoderic acid H, followed by ganoderic acid C2 and ganoderic acid A were the most abundant triterpenoids acids present.…”

“…Ganoderic acid H, followed by ganoderic acid C2 and ganoderic acid A were the most abundant triterpenoids acids present. Yang et al (2007) and Hadda et al (2015) reported the presence of ganoderenic acid K in chloroform extracts of G. lucidum from China and Algeria, suggesting that the triterpenoids profile depends on the extraction method employed (namely used solvent) and the geographical origin of the strain. However, most studies have reported a good repeatability in the triterpenoids profile of G. lucidum (Hadda et al, 2015;Hennicke et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2007).…”

Submerged fermentation production and characterization of intracellular triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum using HPLC-ESI-MS

“…6 and Table 2) , most of them being ganoderic and lucidenic acids. 11,424.82,417.12,398.57,304.03,291.35,4,11,420.87,413.20,396.28,395.24,394.54,385.65,384.79,379.38,341.32,285 ,15-dihydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-3,11-dioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid, which was first reported by Yang et al (2007).…”

“…lucidum was cultured using the optimal culture established above, and the triterpenoids were extracted for HPLC-MS analysis at negative mode which gave (Yang et al, 2007). Molecular weight, HPLC retention time (t R ), and mass spectra were referred to literature data and an MS library.…”

“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used for isolation and purification of triterpenoids from crude extracts of G. lucidum (Tang et al, 2006;Keypour et al, 2010), while LC-mass spectrometry is the most efficient method for characterizing triterpenoid compounds (Yang et al, 2007;Ding et al, 2010;Guo et al, 2013). Ganoderic acids are the main constituents of triterpenoids and to date, more than 200 ganoderic acid derivatives and other triterpenic acids have been identified from the fruiting bodies, spores, and mycelia (Ma et al, 2014); the structural identification of ganoderic acid derivatives is needed for research into their pharmacological effects.…”