Analysis of treatment effects on the microbial ecology of the human intestine

Engelbrektson, Anna; Korzenik, Joshua R.; Sanders, Mary Ellen; Clement, Brian; Leyer, Gregory; Klaenhammer, Todd R.; Kitts, Christopher L.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00112.x

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thus they inhibit susceptible organisms and select for resistant ones. A number of different molecular fingerprinting techniques have previously been used to analyse the impact of antibiotics on the faecal microbiota such as denaturing or temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE or TGGE) (Donskey et al, 2003;Harmoinen et al, 2004), temporal TGGE (TTGE) (De La Cochetiere et al, 2005), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) (Jernberg et al, 2005;Engelbrektson et al, 2006) and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) (Goldenberg et al, 2006). These techniques all bypass the necessity for cultivation, enabling comparative analyses of community fingerprints and the ability to monitor relative shifts in specific populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota

et al. 2007

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Antibiotic administration is known to cause short-term disturbances in the microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract, but the potential long-term consequences have not been well studied. The aims of this study were to analyse the long-term impact of a 7-day clindamycin treatment on the faecal microbiota and to simultaneously monitor the ecological stability of the microbiota in a control group as a baseline for reference. Faecal samples from four clindamycin-exposed and four control subjects were collected at nine different time points over 2 years. Using a polyphasic approach, we observed highly significant disturbances in the bacterial community that persisted throughout the sampling period. In particular, a sharp decline in the clonal diversity of Bacteroides isolates, as assessed by repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and long-term persistence of highly resistant clones were found as a direct response to the antibiotic exposure. The Bacteroides community never returned to its original composition during the study period as assessed using the molecular fingerprinting technique, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Furthermore, using real-time PCR we found a dramatic and persistent increase in levels of specific resistance genes in DNA extracted from the faeces after clindamycin administration. The temporal variations in the microbiota of the control group were minor compared to the large and persistent shift seen in the exposed group. These results demonstrate that long after the selection pressure from a short antibiotic exposure has been removed, there are still persistent long term impacts on the human intestinal microbiota that remain for up to 2 years post-treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota

et al. 2007

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“…Grouping of microbial community data from several individuals can result in loss of statistical significance or false-negative results. Measuring individual divergences from baseline levels after treatment can overcome the problem of subject-to-subject variability (Engelbrektson et al, 2006). However, variations in the microbiota due to other external factors, such as diet or stress, can complicate the task of untangling the specific impacts of antibiotic treatments.…”

Section: Impact Of Antibiotics On Normal Gut Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota

et al. 2010

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Although it is known that antibiotics have short-term impacts on the human microbiome, recent evidence demonstrates that the impacts of some antibiotics remain for extended periods of time. In addition, antibiotic-resistant strains can persist in the human host environment in the absence of selective pressure. Both molecular-and cultivation-based approaches have revealed ecological disturbances in the microbiota after antibiotic administration, in particular for specific members of the bacterial community that are susceptible or alternatively resistant to the antibiotic in question. A disturbing consequence of antibiotic treatment has been the long-term persistence of antibiotic resistance genes, for example in the human gut. These data warrant use of prudence in the administration of antibiotics that could aggravate the growing battle with emerging antibioticresistant pathogenic strains.

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“…Probiotics may help regulate the microbiota of a disrupted gastrointestinal tract. 6 The balance of the resident microbiota can be disturbed by medical interventions such as antibiotics, resulting in, among other effects, decreased short chain fatty acid metabolism with accumulation of luminal carbohydrate, subsequent pH changes, and water absorption. 7 While many studies have examined the role of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, the majority of these studies were conducted outside the United States and none were conducted under Investigational New Drug (IND) regulatory policies of the Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (FDA/CBER).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%