Analysis of Transient Emission Data of a Modelyear 1991 Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

Wachter, Wolfgang F.

doi:10.4271/900443

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In fact, in an urban circuit, the nominal temperature of the catalyzer can be reached after the first ten minutes of engine operation, and after that, oxidation of the exhaust gases proceeds efficiently (Blackwood et al, 1998;Merkisz et al, 2001;Choi et al, 2006). A Diesel engine also emits seven times more particulate matter during cold operation than under warm conditions (Wachter, 1990;Merkisz et al, 2001). Blue or white smoke emitted during engine starting is a result of high HC emissions (Lindl and Schmitz, 1999).…”

Section: Emissions During Engine Startingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Broatch

Luján

Ruíz

et al. 2008

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.

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Section: Emissions During Engine Startingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Broatch

Luján

Ruíz

et al. 2008

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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“…As far as emissions are concerned, exhaust gases during cold starting have recently gained increased attention owing to their significant contribution to the total emissions from diesel-engined vehicles. For example, it has been found that a diesel engine may emit up to seven times more particulate matter during cold operation than under warm conditions [15,19] coupled also to a prolonged period of unacceptable smoke emissions [20]. The importance of cold-starting emissions has been further documented by the legislative transient cycles, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of turbocharged diesel engine operation, exhaust emissions, and combustion noise radiation during starting under cold, warm, and hot conditions

Rakopoulos

Dimaratos

Giakoumis

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Control of performance and transient emissions from turbocharged diesel engines is an important objective for automotive manufacturers, since stringent criteria for exhaust emissions must be met. In particular, (cold) starting is of exceptional importance owing to its significant contribution to the overall emissions during a transient test cycle. In the present work, experimental tests were conducted on a turbocharged and after-cooled bus-truck diesel engine in order to investigate the engine operating behaviour and the formation mechanisms of nitric oxide, smoke, and combustion noise during cold, warm, and hot starting. With this as a target, a fully instrumented test bed was set up, using ultra-fast response analysers capable of capturing the instantaneous development of emissions and various key engine and turbocharger parameters. The experimental test pattern included a variety of starting conditions, defined by the thermal status of the engine (i.e. the coolant temperature) and its idling speed. As expected, turbocharger lag was found to be the major contributor for the pollutant emissions spikes in all cases, with the thermal status of the engine and its idling speed playing important roles in the combustion (in)stability, turbocharger response, and noise radiation.

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“…Particularly as regards the latter, exhaust gases during cold starting have recently gained increased attention (see for example, the New European Driving Cycle, or the US FTP-75, where the emissions are sampled with the engine cold started) owing to their significant contribution to total emissions from diesel-engined vehicles. For example, it has been found that a diesel engine may emit up to seven times more particulate matter during cold operation than under warm conditions [28,29] coupled also to a prolonged period of unacceptable smoke emissions [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Assessment of Turbocharged Diesel Engine Transient Emissions during Acceleration, Load Change and Starting

Rakopoulos

Dimaratos

Giakoumis

et al. 2010

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The control of transient emissions from turbocharged diesel engines remains an important objective to manufacturers, since newly produced engines must meet the stringent criteria concerning exhaust emissions levels as dictated by the legislated Transient Cycles. In the present work, experimental tests are conducted on a medium-duty, turbocharged and after-cooled diesel engine in order to investigate the behavior and formation mechanism of nitric oxide (NO), smoke and combustion noise emissions under various transient operating schedules including acceleration, load change and starting. To this aim, a fully instrumented test bed was set up in order to record and research key engine and turbocharger variables during the transient events. The main parameters measured are nitric oxide concentration and smoke opacity (both using ultra-fast response analyzers) as well as combustion noise. Various other variables were monitored, such as in-cylinder pressure, engine speed, fuel pump rack position, boost pressure and turbocharger speed. The main focus of the experimental investigation was devoted to engine acceleration tests representative of automotive and truck applications, commencing from various engine speeds and loads. The experimental test pattern also included load increases and (cold and hot) startings. Analytical diagrams are provided to explain the behavior of exhaust emissions development in conjunction with turbocharger and governor/fuel pump response. Turbocharger lag was found to be the main cause for the emissions peak values observed during all transient events. During starting, the lack of air and its mismatch with fueling caused excessive black smoke, identified by the extremely high values of exhaust gas opacity.

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Analysis of Transient Emission Data of a Modelyear 1991 Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Investigation of turbocharged diesel engine operation, exhaust emissions, and combustion noise radiation during starting under cold, warm, and hot conditions

Experimental Assessment of Turbocharged Diesel Engine Transient Emissions during Acceleration, Load Change and Starting

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