Analysis of transducers arrays from piezoelectric hollow spheres

Abstract

This paper describes the design and the development of transducer arrays fabricated from miniature piezoceramic hollow spheres, the BBs. After the presentation of the fabrication procedure of the transducers, it presents the numerical tools used to model 2x2 and 4x4 transducer arrays in water. Numerical calculations give good agreement with the experimental results and provide physical insight for understanding the acoustic observations.

Design, development and characterization of a mid-frequency (35 khz) tonpilz transducer array from 0.675PMN-0.325PT piezoceramics

“…In the underwater measurements of the 7-unit transducer arrays, the units were electrically connected in either series or in parallel. The reason for connecting the transducers in parallel is to increase the TVR value, and the reason for the series connection is to increase the acoustic sensitivity or FFVS [19]. The results of these measurements were given in Figure 7.…”