Analysis of Tissue-Specific Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) Gene Expression against Viral Infection in Paralichthys olivaceus

Abstract

Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) is a member of interferon-regulated transcription factor family and is known to play an important role in the innate immune response against viral infections. In this study, the expression of IRF3 in different tissues, developmental stages, and stocking densities of olive flounder was investigated. The expression of IRF3 was observed to gradually increase in early-stage juvenile fish. The highest expression was observed in later-stage juvenile fish when immune tissues were formed. High IRF3 expression was observed in the muscles and the brain tissues. The expression of IRF3 was observed in fish at different stocking densities after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. It yielded an interesting expression pattern in the muscles and the brain tissues of fish stocked at low density. These observations can be used as basic data for the study of the expression of immune response-related genes against viruses based on stocking density and immune systems in other fish species.

Analysis of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Expression in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus

“…3 , 4 ). These results differ from those reported in previous studies that investigated IRF3 expression in the diseased state at different breeding densities ( Kim et al, 2021 ). Moreover, diseased flatfish may exhibit different immune responses depending on the density and genes.…”

“…However, many infectious diseases have been reported in olive flounder depending on different breeding conditions, such as water temperature, density, and quality, and have caused heavy economic losses ( Kim et al, 2009 ; Kim et al, 2010 ). VHSV is a hemorrhagic septicemia virus, and the incidence of its infection is affected by culture density, water temperature, nutritional status, and water quality ( Kim et al, 2021 ). In particular, high breeding density creates a conducive environment for the spread of diseases and causes mass mortality, whereas low density inhibits growth by reducing feed intake ( Holm et al, 1990 ; Brock, 1992 ; Oh et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Total RNA was extracted from each sample using the TRI-Solution™, and cDNA was synthesized using the Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). qRT-PCR was performed according to the method described by Kim et al (2021) , and the 18S rRNA gene was used as the internal standard control. mRNA expression was quantified using the 2 −ΔΔCt method ( Pfaffl, 2001 ).…”

Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections

“…In this sense, DDX41 plays a crucial role in the IRF3 signaling pathway and displays a special capacity to recognize various ligands, encompassing double-stranded RNA, DNA, and cyclic dinucleotides through its DEAD domain [ 19 ].…”