Analysis of Time Synchronization for Converged Wired and Wireless Networks

Schungel, Maximilian; Dietrich, Steven; Ginthör, David; Chen, Shun-Ping; Kühn, Michael

doi:10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212068

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Schüngel et al in [7] present a formulation method for error computation in time synchronization mechanisms for TSN and 5G integration. The paper considers a maximum error of 50.5 nanoseconds for propagation delay measurement, and a symmetric 5G link is assumed.…”

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronizing TSN Devices via 802.1AS over 5G Networks

Muslim,

Tönjes,

Bauschert

2024

Electronics

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The 3GPP release 16 integrates TSN functionality into 5G and standardizes various options for TSN time synchronization over 5G such as transparent mode and bridge mode. The time domains for the TSN network and the 5G network are kept separate with an option to synchronize either of the networks to the other. The TSN time synchronization over 5G is possible either by using the IEEE 1588 generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) based on UDP/IP multicast or via IEEE 802.1AS based on Ethernet PDUs. The INET and Simu5G simulation frameworks, which are both based on the OMNeT++ discrete event simulator, are widely used for simulating TSN and 5G networks. The INET framework comprises the 802.1AS based time synchronization mechanism, and Simu5G provides the 5G user plane carrying IP PDUs. We modified the 802.1AS-based synchronization model of INET so that it works over UDP/IP. With that, it is possible to synchronize TSN slaves (connected to 5G UEs), across a 5G network, with a TSN master clock, present within a TSN network, that is connected to the 5G core network. Our simulation results show that 500 microseconds of synchronization accuracy can be achieved with the corrected asymmetric propagation delay of uplink and downlink between the gNodeB (gNB) and the User Equipment (UE). Furthermore, the synchronization accuracy can be improved if the delay difference between uplink and downlink is known.

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Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronizing TSN Devices via 802.1AS over 5G Networks

Muslim,

Tönjes,

Bauschert

2024

Electronics

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“…In these instances, an accurate time source is distributed to the network server to ensure that time error is maintained within the required offset bound δ. Similarly to the approach presented in [30][31][32], we conducted hardware experiments to obtain statistical results of time errors, for which the distribution is modeled as a normal distribution:…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Analysis of Time Synchronization Error in Airborne Target Tracking Using a Heterogeneous Sensor Network

Lee,

Yuan,

Petrunin

et al. 2024

Drones

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This paper investigates the influence of time synchronization on sensor fusion and target tracking. As a benchmark, we design a target tracking system based on track-to-track fusion architecture. Heterogeneous sensors detect targets and transmit measurements through a communication network, while local tracking and track fusion are performed in the fusion center to integrate measurements from these sensors into a fused track. The time synchronization error is mathematically modeled, and local time is biased from the reference clock during the holdover phase. The influence of the time synchronization error on target tracking system components such as local association, filtering, and track fusion is discussed. The results demonstrate that an increase in the time synchronization error leads to deteriorating association and filtering performance. In addition, the results of the simulation study validate the impact of the time synchronization error on the sensor network.

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“…In particular, the IEEE 802.1Qbv Time Aware Shaper (TAS) has received extensive attention as a key tool for achieving a deterministic ULL network service. The TAS operation requires careful planning of the synchronized time cycles [79,85,91] and the gate times that are allocated to the Scheduled Traf ic (ST) and the unscheduled Best-Effort traf ic (BE). The TAS parameter settings specifying the timing characteristics (cycle time, gate slot allocations) are also commonly referred to as the Qbv schedule or the TAS schedule.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfiguration algorithms for high precision communications in time sensitive networks: Time-aware shaper configuration with IEEE 802.1Qcc

Elbakoury¹,

Reisslein²,

Thyagaturu³

et al. 2021

ITU-J FET

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As new networking paradigms emerge for different networking applications, e.g., cyber-physical systems, and different services are handled under a converged data link technology, e.g., Ethernet, certain applications with mission critical traffic cannot coexist on the same physical networking infrastructure using traditional Ethernet packet-switched networking protocols. The IEEE 802.1Q Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group is developing protocol standards to provide deterministic properties, i.e., eliminates non-deterministic delays, on Ethernet based packet-switched networks. In particular, the IEEE 802.1Qcc, centralized management and control, and the IEEE 802.1Qbv, Time-Aware Shaper (TAS), can be used to manage and control Scheduled Traffic (ST) streams with periodic properties along with Best-Effort (BE) traffic on the same network infrastructure. We investigate the effects of using the IEEE 802.1Qcc management protocol to accurately and precisely configure TAS enabled switches (with transmission windows governed by Gate Control Lists (GCLs) with Gate Control Entries (GCEs)) ensuring ultra-low bounded latency, zero packet loss, and minimal jitter for ST TSN traffic. We examine both a centralized network/distributed user model (hybrid model) and a fully-distributed (decentralized) 802.1Qcc model on a typical industrial control network with the goal of maximizing the number of ST streams.

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Analysis of Time Synchronization for Converged Wired and Wireless Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Synchronizing TSN Devices via 802.1AS over 5G Networks

Synchronizing TSN Devices via 802.1AS over 5G Networks

Impact Analysis of Time Synchronization Error in Airborne Target Tracking Using a Heterogeneous Sensor Network

Reconfiguration algorithms for high precision communications in time sensitive networks: Time-aware shaper configuration with IEEE 802.1Qcc

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