Analysis of Three-Dimensional Space Expansion Characteristics in Old Industrial Area Renewal Using GIS and Barista: A Case Study of Tiexi District, Shenyang, China

Abstract

With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, 3D characteristics have been the main feature of urban morphology. Nevertheless, the vast majority of urban growth research has only focused on area expansion horizontally, with few studies conducted in a 3D perspective. In this paper, the characteristics of 3D expansion that occurred in Tiexi from 1997 to 2011 were evaluated based on geographic information system (GIS) tools, remote-sensing images, and Barista software. Landscape index, the spatiotemporal distribution of changes in buildings’ renewal modes and variations in city skylines as well as the relationship between number and size of high-rise buildings are the specific phenomena and data utilized to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The results showed that the average height of Tiexi increased by 0.69 m annually, the average urban capacity increased by 490.15 m3 annually, and space congestion degree increased by 0.11% annually. The average annual increase of the building evenness index was 36.43. The renewal area occupied up to 75.38% of the total area. The change of the skyline was more consistent with the east–west direction. The change in the south direction was significant, while in the north direction it was relatively slow. The overall shape of the city was that of a weak pyramid, with the angle of the top of the pyramid gradually becoming larger. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes.

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi, China

“…Similar values may generally be found for buildings of distinct categories by function, construction structure, period built, and other architectural principles and so we assume MIs represented by the average MI values for each cohort, functional typology, and building structure. We compiled typical material intensity (MI) coefficients by these three attributes, resulting in 24 classes, using averages from China's Building Material Intensity Coefficient Dataset which contains over 800 cases of different buildings with their material intensities including foundations (Yang, Shi, Liu, Guo, & Tanikawa, 2019). We include eight kinds of construction materials: sand, gravel, cement, brick, steel, timber, lime, and glass.…”

Modeling the Impact of Urban Three-Dimensional Expansion on Atmospheric Environmental Conditions in an Old Industrial District: A Case Study in Shenyang, China

“…After a series of urban transformations, such as the transformation of shantytowns and dilapidated buildings, the three-dimensional urban landscape significantly changed and urban vertical expansion was significant. The construction patch density increased from 243.8 to 270.69 unit/km 2 , the average building height increased from 9.74 m to 19.34 m, and the urban space congestion index increased from 1.86 to 3.38 from 1997 to 2011 [36]. The Tiexi District has a temperate continental monsoonal climate with an average temperature of 8.1ºC and distinct seasons.…”

Point Cloud-Oriented Inspection of Old Street’s Sustainable Transformation from the Ceramic Industry to Cultural Tourism: A Case Study of Yingge, a Ceramic Town in Taiwan

“…This uniqueness expresses an abstraction of a city's image and identity in terms of its spatial, historical, social, cultural, and economic structures over time [12]. The transformation of an industrial city, which is part of sustainable development, is reflected by the profile of a skyline [13]. A skyline can be considered a collection of entities that have evolved and can be used to chronologically examine a city's path of sustainability.…”