Analysis of Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents (TSDC) Measured on Exchanged Clays

Diffusion of Interlayer Cations in Swelling Clays as a Function of Water Content: Case of Montmorillonites Saturated with Alkali Cations

“…This result is in perfect agreement with the results of surface energy calculations in the dry state illustrating the stronger cation–clay surface interaction which exists in Cs-montmorillonite compared to Na-montmorillonite . At higher relative humidity values, an hydration layer builds up around the Na + ion mediating the interaction between the cations and the clay layers, in contrast with Cs + . , This allows the interlayer cations to become more mobile compared to the dry state. Furthermore, the adsorption of water in swelling clays also leads to a significant increase in the interlayer space opening, depending on the nature of the interlayer cation .…”

“…62 At higher relative humidity values, an hydration layer builds up around the Na + ion mediating the interaction between the cations and the clay layers, in contrast with Cs + . 18,19 This allows the interlayer cations to become more mobile compared to the dry state. Furthermore, the adsorption of water in swelling clays also leads to a significant increase in the interlayer space opening, depending on the nature of the interlayer cation.…”

TSDC spectroscopy of relaxational and interfacial phenomena

“…A variety of natural minerals, such as amethyst [94], sapphire [95], stilbite [96], calcite, dolomite, quartz [97], clays [98], mordenites [99,100], cretaceous strata [101], and synthetic solids, such as ceramics doped with CuO, FeO and TiO 2 [102], silicas, silicates and other compounds with silica [103][104][105][106], different crystals [107][108][109][110][111][112] and polycrystalline structures [113,114], disordered materials [115], thin films [116][117][118][119][120][121], ferrites [122], metal fluorides [123][124][125][126][127][128][129] and solid solutions based on fluorides [130][131][132][133][134][135], was investigated by the TSDC method.…”

Hydration of a Na+-montmorillonite studied by thermally stimulated depolarization current

“…So, the presence of adsorbed molecules, interacting directly or indirectly with the cations, can be measured. In previous papers, TSDC was successfully applied to dry and hydrated zeolites [7,8] and clays [9,10] though no quantitative detail about the thermodynamics of the first adsorption stages was extracted from the experimental data.…”