Analysis of thermal damage to laser irradiated tissue based on the dual-phase-lag model

Three-dimensional biological tissue under high-order effect of two-temperature thermal lagging to thermal responses due to a laser irradiation

“…The thermal interaction is the most important since temperature rising due to thermal effects is a final factor to produce thermal damage. Due to lack of knowledge about the thermal reaction and response, the clinical doctors could not control the times of using the laser power [1][2][3][4]. To predict the thermal damage quantity, it is required to study the thermal response caused by the laser energy deposition.…”

Thermal analysis of laser-irradiated tissue phantoms using dual phase lag model coupled with transient radiative transfer equation

“…The authors employed a hybrid numerical scheme for solving the DPL-based bio-heat transfer equation, and reported that for s q = s T , the DPL bio-heat transfer equation under the influence of blood perfusion term can be reduced to Fourier heat conduction model even with a space-dependent source. It is worth observing here that the studies reported in [32] and [33] reveal contradictory results in terms of conditions imposed on the values of s q and s T for which the DPL model may be approximated as the standard Fourier law of heat conduction. This forms the basis of one of the objectives of the work reported in the present study.…”

“…The authors employed the FVM to discretize the governing equations as well as initial and boundary conditions, and found that the DPL bio-heat conduction equations can be reduced to the Fourier heat conduction equations if both s q and s T are equal to zero. The same class of problem has also been studied by Liu and Wang [33] to investigate whether the DPL bio-heat conduction equation coupled with the effect of blood perfusion can be reduced to the Fourier heat conduction equation when the both the thermal relaxation times are equal to zero. The authors employed a hybrid numerical scheme for solving the DPL-based bio-heat transfer equation, and reported that for s q = s T , the DPL bio-heat transfer equation under the influence of blood perfusion term can be reduced to Fourier heat conduction model even with a space-dependent source.…”

“…It is pertinent to note here that none of the above mentioned studies ( [32][33][34][35]) have made use of the RTE for describing the propagation of light intensity through the biological samples as the authors have considered only the collimated component of light. In view of the fact that the biological samples are not only non-homogeneous but also are turbid in nature, therefore the diffuse component of the light intensity cannot be neglected.…”

Mesoscopic Moment Equations for Heat Conduction: Characteristic Features and Slow–Fast Mode Decomposition

“…There are several reasons for this interest. One of these is to overcome the limits of the classical transport equations to correctly describe high-frequency and short-wavelength processes [2][3][4]. This deficiency has become particularly limiting during the last years because of the increasing interest in small-scale devices, nano-technologies and nano-structured materials [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”