Analysis of the willow root system by electrical impedance spectroscopy

Cao, Yang; Repo, Tapani; Silvennoinen, Raimo; Lehto, Tarja; Pelkonen, Paavo

doi:10.1093/jxb/erq276

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…In a recent EIS study using an equivalent model approach the capacitance for the interface between willow roots and the cultivation solution correlated with the root surface area (Cao et al 2011). In a study with maize (Zea mays), colonization of roots with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) reduced the electrical impedance and capacitance (1 kHz) of the root system that were suggested to be due to an increased absorption surface area (Cseresnyés et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study with maize (Zea mays), colonization of roots with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) reduced the electrical impedance and capacitance (1 kHz) of the root system that were suggested to be due to an increased absorption surface area (Cseresnyés et al 2013). However, in the measurements of intact roots, interference with the EIS responses with the properties of the cultivation substrate may confound interpretation of the results (Dalton 1995;Cao et al 2011;Repo et al 2012). In a large data set of impedance spectra of intact roots, variation may mask the treatment effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of frost damage in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots of Scots pine seedlings using classification analysis of their electrical impedance spectra

Repo

Korhonen

Lehto

et al. 2015

Trees

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Key message A novel non-destructive method is presented for studying the frost hardiness of roots. Principal component analysis from the electrical impedance spectra revealed differences between freezing temperatures, but no clear differences between the mycorrhizal treatments as regards freezing stress. Abstract We present a novel non-destructive method for the classification of root systems with different degrees of freezing injuries based on the measurement of electrical impedance spectra (EIS). Roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings, raised in perlite with nutrient solution, were colonized by Hebeloma sp. or Suillus luteus or left non-mycorrhizal, and exposed to a series of low temperatures (5, -5, -12 and -18°C) after cultivation with and without cold acclimation regimes. In EIS measurements, we ran a small-amplitude electric current to the root system at 44 frequencies between 5 Hz and 100 kHz through electrodes set in the stem and in perlite at the bottom of the container. The normalized (Euclidian) electrical impedance spectra were classified using the CLA-FIC-method (CLAss-Featuring Information Compression) that is based on a subspace method with two variants where the longest projection vector defines the sample class. The current delivery through the root system was affected by freezing injuries in the roots. The most remarkable change, indicating the threshold for cold tolerance, took place between -5 and -12°C for non-acclimated and between -12 and -18°C for cold acclimated roots. No difference was found between the mycorrhizal treatments in the response to the freezing temperatures. The results on the effects of both the low-temperature exposure and mycorrhizas agree with freezing damage assessments done by other methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of frost damage in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots of Scots pine seedlings using classification analysis of their electrical impedance spectra

Repo

Korhonen

Lehto

et al. 2015

Trees

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“…This method was tested in 12 woody species with a range of diameters (0.5 to 55 cm - Cermák et al 2006;and 0.5 to 120 cm, Cermák & Nadezhdina 2011c) and applied in practically oriented studies (Butler et al 2010, Simon & Cermák 2011. It can also be modified by the application of electrical impedance spectroscopy (Repo et al 2005, Cao et al 2010a, 2010b. The measured values for a series of sample trees representing individual DBH classes (Fig.…”

Section: Absorptive Root Area -Via the Modified Earth Impedance Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

Čermák¹,

Nadezhdina²,

Trcala³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry Introduction 1Proper management of forest ecosystems from a biological perspective is dependent on classification of the natural environment for the purposes of phytotechnology (e.g., thinning operations) and forestry management. Functional management goals may include timber production as well as other important functions of forests in the landscape, such as water sources for people, but also for control of climate, maintenance of biological diversity, recreation, etc. for which importance often increases with time. Such functions have been working automatically in the past, but serious environmental impacts on forests associated with anthropogenic activities (e.g., air pollution, soil acidification) and global climatic change became apparent at the end of the 20 th century.Therefore long-term experience of foresters should be supplemented with additional objective information, which may be used to help solve new problems. This includes application of modern electronics, computers and other technologies, as well as collection of necessary data in the field especially pertaining to ecophysiology. This review provides only a brief description of methods suitable for studies at the whole tree and stand levels (and even higher levels). The methods are applicable under open forest conditions using mobile instrumentation approaches that can be used almost everywhere. They were tested in more than 60 sites and in over 50 woody species in Europe, USA and Australia. We focused on measurement and evaluation of macrostructure and water flow, because the maximum energy flow in ecosystems goes through water and water is the most frequent natural limiting factor of tree growth and functional states of whole trees and stands (if not considering polar regions and tops of high mountains). Ecologically oriented scientific fields and practically oriented field activities in forestry, arboristics, horticulture, hydrology, remote sensing and forensic engineering use many traditional and modern methods.Annual and seasonal stem growth are probably the most frequently studied processes in forestry. Usually institutions for forest management (IFM) base their practices on this valuable data on a large scale (e.g., national), which provide crucial information about timber production and yield. A great body of literature is available on this topic. However, strategy for the management of forest ecosystems in Europe elaborated over several centuries is focused on classification of the natural environment and determining potential natural vegetation and oriented not only toward production but also on preserving other important functions of forests in the landscape. A detailed version of this approach was successfully applied for over 80 years. The eventual impact of anthropogenic activities and global climatic changes led to development of ecophysiological methods applied to evaluate the functional state and development of forest ecosystems.These methods were usually overlooked in the past because prev...

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“…The complex nonlinear least squares fitting method (CNLS) method has been used widely to fit the experimental impedance spectra for various applications such in as physico-chemical process [4], for corrosion monitoring [5], study of material dielectric properties [6], fuel cell [7] and others [8]. The CNLS fitting method was introduced by Macdonald and Garber in 1977 [9] to fit the impedance spectroscopy data to either equivalent circuits or to a mathematical model.…”

Section: ð5:3þmentioning

confidence: 99%