Analysis of the Whole-Body Averaged Specific Absorption Rate (Sar) for Far-Field Exposure of an Isolated Human Body Using Cylindrical Antenna Theory

Kibret, Behailu; Teshome, Assefa K.; Lai, Daniel T. H.

doi:10.2528/pierm14072201

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our previous studies [9], [18], we employed the equivalent cylindrical antenna representation of the human body to accurately predict the FDTD computed whole-body averaged specific absorption rate on 14 realistic high resolution voxel models that were reported in the literature. We found that the parameters of the equivalent cylindrical antenna (a, h, and σ * ω ) depended on gender and age.…”

Section: B the Cylindrical Antenna Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8, whereas the resonance frequency of the maximum power absorption calculated from (27), for the same subject, is approximately 40 MHz. A formulation for the resonance frequency of the maximum power absorbed for a person in free space can be found in [9].…”

Section: Radiation Efficiency and Reflection Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [9], [18], it was assumed that the cylinder consists of a suspension of spherical particles that was analysed based on the Maxwell-Wagner effective medium theory. Thus, the complex conductivity of the cylinder was related to the human body parameters as…”

Section: B the Cylindrical Antenna Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a related study, Poljak et al implemented the method-of-moments (MoM) approach to calculate the axial current inside the thick-wire model of the human body [7]. Recently, we have applied the cylindrical antenna model of the human body using the threeterm approximation to investigate the antenna effect of the human body on intrabody communication [8] and to analyse the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Characterizing the Human Body as a Monopole Antenna

Kibret

Teshome

Lai

2015

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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This paper, for the first time, fully characterizes the human body as a monopole antenna in the frequency range of 10 -110 MHz, which contains the resonance frequency of the human body. The human body is represented by an equivalent cylindrical monopole antenna grounded on a highly conductive ground plane that is analysed based on the three-term approximation method. The reflection coefficient is measured using a human subject as a monopole antenna. Measurement results show that the theoretical predictions are in reasonable agreement. It is found that the human body resonates between 40 -60 MHz depending on the posture of the body when it is fed by a 50 Ω impedance system at the base of the foot. A minimum reflection coefficient of -12 dB is measured that demonstrates that the human body can be potentially used as an antenna. Theoretically, it is predicted that the human body can be an efficient antenna with a maximum radiation efficiency reaching up to 70 %, which is supported by measurement results found in the literature.

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Section: B the Cylindrical Antenna Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation Efficiency and Reflection Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B the Cylindrical Antenna Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterizing the Human Body as a Monopole Antenna

Kibret

Teshome

Lai

2015

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

Self Cite

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“…The setback is its dependence on the intrinsic loss power during the estimation. Kibret et al proposed an estimation of Whole‐body average SAR based on the rigorous treatment of cylindrical theory. An explicit formula is provided for resonance frequency related to anatomical parameters and dielectric parameters for RF dosimetry calculations.…”

Section: Estimation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Priyadarshini

Hemanth

2017

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is an inevitable parameter to be considered for various RF dosimetry evaluations in the field of biomedical engineering. There is a much concern in exposure studies as they have a significant impact on the social and health issues in the recent global community. SAR measures the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of RF from devices in an exposure area. The significance of SAR parameter has been awakened in broad areas of technology and even considered in the design of radiating structures from biomedical devices such as MRI to also popular mobile phones. Researchers have explicated the constant interaction of electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. The advancements in technology pose a grave concern about the impact on human health. This paper intends to undertake an extensive survey of the various current investigations done with SAR in different scenarios with possible radiating structures and also focus on exposure areas on the human body. The SAR depends on estimation parameters that are analyzed and discussed. Further, the paper will analyze comparatively the facets of implied Methodologies in SAR computation. The parametric evaluation of SAR paves the way for a requirement reduction of SAR parameter. The paper discusses current reduction methodologies and its primary advantages and details possible setbacks. The analysis indicates a requirement of the specific radiation structure for a particular area of exposure of concern, followed by a need of ideal reduction methodology.

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Inter-body coupling in electro-quasistatic human body communication: theory and analysis of security and interference properties

Nath

Maity

Avlani

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Radiative communication using electromagnetic fields is the backbone of today’s wirelessly connected world, which implies that the physical signals are available for malicious interceptors to snoop within a 5–10 m distance, also increasing interference and reducing channel capacity. Recently, Electro-quasistatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) was demonstrated which utilizes the human body’s conductive properties to communicate without radiating the signals outside the body. Previous experiments showed that an attack with an antenna was unsuccessful at a distance more than 1 cm from the body surface and 15 cm from an EQS-HBC device. However, since this is a new communication modality, it calls for an investigation of new attack modalities—that can potentially exploit the physics utilized in EQS-HBC to break the system. In this study, we present a novel attack method for EQS-HBC devices, using the body of the attacker itself as a coupling surface and capacitive inter-body coupling between the user and the attacker. We develop theoretical understanding backed by experimental results for inter-body coupling, as a function of distance between the subjects. We utilize this newly developed understanding to design EQS-HBC transmitters that minimizes the attack distance through inter-body coupling, as well as the interference among multiple EQS-HBC users due to inter-body coupling. This understanding will allow us to develop more secure and robust EQS-HBC based body area networks in the future.

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Analysis of the Whole-Body Averaged Specific Absorption Rate (Sar) for Far-Field Exposure of an Isolated Human Body Using Cylindrical Antenna Theory

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Characterizing the Human Body as a Monopole Antenna

Characterizing the Human Body as a Monopole Antenna

Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Inter-body coupling in electro-quasistatic human body communication: theory and analysis of security and interference properties

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