Analysis of the transcriptome of Hirschmanniella oryzae to explore potential survival strategies and host–nematode interactions

Abstract

The rice root nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae is the most abundant plant-parasitic nematode in flooded rice fields and is distributed world-wide. Although it is economically less important than sedentary nematodes, it can cause severe yield reductions and economic losses in specific environmental conditions. No transcriptome data for this genus were available until now. We have performed 454 sequencing on a mixed life stages population to gain an insight into nematode-plant interactions and nematode survival strategies. The results of two assembly strategies were combined to reduce the redundancy of the data, generating a final dataset of 21 360 contigs. The data were screened for putative plant cell wall-modifying proteins, which facilitate nematode migration through host roots. A β-mannanase, previously not reported in nematodes, was detected in the dataset. The data were screened for putative effector proteins that may alter the host defence mechanism. Two enzymes, chorismate mutase and isochorismatase, thought to be involved in the salicyclic acid pathway, were identified. Experimental treatments of H. oryzae with artificial seawater showed that late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and SXP/RAL-2 are induced, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of anhydrobiosis. The newly generated data can highlight potential differences between sedentary and migratory nematodes, and will be useful in the further study of host-nematode interactions and the developmental biology of this nematode.

Dual RNA‐seq reveals Meloidogyne graminicola transcriptome and candidate effectors during the interaction with rice plants

“…They mainly provide platforms to assemble proteins or nucleic acids into functional complexes. The abundance of similar protein families has been reported for other parasitic nematodes, such as the rice pathogen Hirschmanniella oryzae (Bauters et al ., ).…”

The Pratylenchus penetrans Transcriptome as a Source for the Development of Alternative Control Strategies: Mining for Putative Genes Involved in Parasitism and Evaluation of in planta RNAi

“…coffeae [ 10 ], P . thornei [ 11 ], and Hirschmanniella oryzae [ 65 ], but absent in P . zeae transcriptome [ 13 ].…”

The Transcriptome of Nacobbus aberrans Reveals Insights into the Evolution of Sedentary Endoparasitism in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

“…For example, GH5 cellulases, GH30 xylanases, GH28 polygalacturonases, GH32 candidate invertases, PL3 pectate lyases, L-threonine aldolases, candidate phosphoribosyltransferases, GH43 candidate arabinanases, GH53 candidate arabinogalactanase, chorismate mutases, expansin-like proteins, and Vitamin B5 pantothenate, all previously reported in different Clade 12 PPN ( de Almeida Engler et al 1999 ; Haegeman, Jones, et al 2011 ) were identified. Interestingly, classes of enzymes, such as GH28 polygalacturonases, observed in root-knot nematodes ( Jaubert et al 2002 ) and their close relatives in the family Pratylenchidae ( Haegeman, Joseph, et al 2011 ; Bauters et al 2014 ), but not in cyst nematodes, were identified in N. aberrans . Conversely, other classes of enzymes, such as GH53 candidate arabinogalactanase, reported in cyst nematodes ( Vanholme et al 2009 ) and suggested to be present in Pratylenchidae ( Haegeman, Joseph, et al 2011 ) but not in root-knot nematodes, were also found in N. aberrans ( table 1 ).…”