Analysis of the thermal behavior of self-written waveguides

Günther, Axel; Baran, Murat; Garg, Roopanshu; Roth, Bernhard; Kowalsky, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2021.106922

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The refractive index difference between core (SWW) and cladding (substrate) is around 0.002 and enables efficient waveguiding [17]. The created SWW exhibits an attenuation value of α = 0.2 dB cm −1 at λ = 638 nm with the applied material (NOA68, Norland Adhesive) [25]. Using other monomers, which are sensitive to longer wavelengths, even enabled the connection of different waveguides with an offset between their optical axes [17].…”

Section: Swwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, attenuation measurements at the wavelengths relevant for this work (λ = 638 nm−940 nm) resulted in less than 0.1 dB m −1 . This is approximately 50 times less than the attenuation of the SWW and allows to neglect the effect of the fibers in our experiments [25]. The fiber end facets were placed on a 3Dprinted mold, which contains grooves for the coarse adjustment of the fibers toward an additional slit for the filter.…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such interconnects can be integrated into a broad field of fabrication processes, such as photolithography [20,21], hot embossing [22] or direct laser ablation [23]. The unique properties of this interconnection also enables thermal sensing by monitoring the transmitted optical power [24,25]. It is also possible to connect multiple components directly with each other, which was realized so far only using structures with a single splitter combining multiple laser beams [12,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

Günther

Kushwaha

Rüsseler

et al. 2023

J. Opt.

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Self-written waveguides (SWW) have been well investigated within the last decades. In most cases, they are used as low-loss coupling structures, i.e. to connect buried optical structures in photonic integrated circuits. In our work, we extend the ﬁeld of possible applications for SWWs by embedding a novel thin-ﬁlm ﬁlter to split the beam and connect multiple output ports simultaneously. The multilayer design of the dielectric ﬁlter can be customized to enable its application as dichroic beamsplitter for photonic networks. The embedded thin-ﬁlm ﬁlter was characterized in detail and used to connect an additional optical sensing element, which is also based on SWWs, to demonstrate its usability for measurement of physical quantities.

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Section: Swwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

Günther

Kushwaha

Rüsseler

et al. 2023

J. Opt.

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“…Furthermore, it can be used to fabricate a self-aligned polymer optical waveguide by applying the light emitted from the optical components to the photopolymerizing resin. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] For silicon photonics devices, inexpensive and efficient coupling can be realized by passive alignment with an accuracy of a few microns and subsequent LISW optical self-coupling. [16,17] We previously reported the LISW optical self-coupling between a silicon waveguide with a spot-size converter and SMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Solid Near‐Infrared Light‐Induced Self‐Written Optical Waveguides and Optical Self‐Coupling

Kawasaki,

Otaka,

Ota

et al. 2023

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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In recent datacenters, considerable data communication has been performed between servers and storages; therefore, an optical interconnection with a wider band is required. Silicon photonics has attracted attention as a technology that places optical engines closer to switch application‐specific integrated circuits and realizes broadband optical interconnection. To utilize silicon photonics, it is necessary to overcome high‐precision alignment between silicon waveguides and single‐mode fibers (SMFs) having vastly different mode field diameters. Optical self‐coupling using light‐induced self‐written (LISW) optical waveguide technology is a potential solution. Previously, near‐infrared (NIR) LISW optical waveguides are fabricated using an SMF with an approximate 10 μm core through irradiation with 10 μW NIR light (1310 and 1550 nm). However, the cladding is liquid, which motivates to fabricate all‐solid LISW optical waveguides. In this study, all‐solid NIR LISW optical waveguides are produced using a core‐selective polymerization method, and single‐mode LISW optical self‐coupling between two SMFs is realized. To enhance the performance of the waveguides, additional resins are incorporated into the high‐refractive‐index base monomer during the cladding formation process. Through the experimentation, the potential for achieving even greater loss reduction by optimizing the hybridization between the base monomer and the supplementary resins is demonstrated.

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“…Moreover, bidirectional light irradiation enables automatic optical coupling between two optical fibers, which is called an "optical solder". 9) Further, various extended technologies based on LISW optical waveguides have been demonstrated, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and there is a wider range of applications of LISW optical waveguides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible light-induced self-written optical waveguide with 50 μm core size

Futawatari,

Terasawa,

Sugihara

2024

Appl. Phys. Express

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We demonstrate a near-infrared (NIR) light-induced self-written (LISW) optical waveguide between graded-index (GI) glass optical fibers with a 50-µm core size (50GIFs) using gel material. We describe the optical properties of the LISW optical solder in terms of its flexibility, adhesiveness, and loss. The results demonstrate that the two 50GIFs were self-coupled through the LISW optical waveguide, and the connection maintained adhesiveness against displacement. A low loss and relaxation of alignment tolerance were demonstrated for the optical interconnection between two 50GIFs using flexible LISW optical soldering. This technology is applicable to future autonomous driving systems using high-speed optical data transmission.

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Analysis of the thermal behavior of self-written waveguides

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

All‐Solid Near‐Infrared Light‐Induced Self‐Written Optical Waveguides and Optical Self‐Coupling

Flexible light-induced self-written optical waveguide with 50 μm core size

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