Analysis of the sulfur decoppering from molten lead by powder injection

Gutierrez, P Victor Hugo; Cruz, R Alejandro; Romero, S Jose Antonio; Rivera, Sebastian

doi:10.3103/s1067821215030086

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is possible to observe that both Pb and Cu are uniformly distributed throughout the analyzed surface. Copper is normally found in crude lead produced by the pyrometallurgical route and then it is separated in the refining process for its further recovery, which is done either by air injection and mechanical removing or even by S addition for the case of low copper concentrations [13]. The copper removing operation is done to temperatures just above the melting point of lead.…”

Section: Direct Smelting Reduction With Na 2 Co 3 and Sicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Recovery from a Lead Concentrate throughout Direct Smelting Reduction Process with Mixtures of Na2CO3 and SiC to 1000 °C

Pérez

Hernández

Alvarado

et al. 2021

Metals

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Lead was recovered through a direct smelting reduction route from a lead concentrate by using mixtures of Na2CO3 and SiC to 1000 °C. The lead concentrate was obtained from the mining State of Zacatecas, México by traditional mineral processing and froth flotation. The experimental trials showed that 86 wt.% of lead with a purity up to 97% can be recovered from the lead concentrate by a single step reduction process when 40 wt.% Na2CO3 and 0.4 g SiC were used in the initial charge. The process was modeled in the thermodynamic software FactSage 7.3 to evaluate the effect of adding different amounts of Na2CO3 on the lead recovery rates while holding constant the SiC amount and temperature. The stability phase diagram obtained showed that an addition of 34 wt.% Na2CO3 was enough to reach the highest lead recovery. It was observed that the interaction of Na2CO3 and SiC at a high temperature promotes the formation of C and Na2O, and SiO2, respectively, where the Na2O partially bonds with silica and sulfur forming Na2S and sodium silicates which may decrease the SO2 emissions and increase the weather degradation of the slag. The PbS was mainly reduced by the produced C and CO formed by the interaction between Na2CO3 and SiC at 1000 °C. The predicted results reasonably match with those obtained experimentally in the lead recovery rates and compounds formation.

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Section: Direct Smelting Reduction With Na 2 Co 3 and Sicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Recovery from a Lead Concentrate throughout Direct Smelting Reduction Process with Mixtures of Na2CO3 and SiC to 1000 °C

Pérez

Hernández

Alvarado

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…They found high effectiveness and stability, based on the silicon composition changes after performing the inoculation through pneumatic injection of the powdered inoculant by argon as a carrier gas into the liquid. Other works related to the powder injection technique are focused on the lead refining process [18][19][20]. The injection efficiency depends mainly on the flow patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment of the gray cast iron production by inoculant injection

Reyes-Castellanos

Cruz-Ramírez

Gutiérrez-Pérez

et al. 2021

J min metall B Metall

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An initial assessment of the gray cast irons production by injecting an inoculant with a conveying gas into a molten iron bath was evaluated at a laboratory scale. A numerical simulation was carried out to determine the hydrodynamic behavior between the inoculant particles injected into the molten iron. It was determined that an optimal interaction between the particles with the molten iron occurs at a lance depth of 7 cm and for the particle sizes fine (211 to 297 ?m) and medium (421 to 590 ?m), the residence time was of 0.38 and 0.4 s, respectively. The melting time was calculated at 0.0008 and 0.003 s for the particle sizes fine and medium, respectively. So, after injection, the FeSi of the inoculant melts quickly, releasing the elements of the inoculant which interact with the molten iron and forms oxides and sulfides creating nucleating sites during solidification. The injection technique allows obtaining a type-A graphite distribution for the fine and medium particle sizes. The number of eutectic cells was increased when the inoculant particle size was decreased despite of the low graphitisers elements, and manganese contents used in the gray cast iron manufacturing.

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