Analysis of the Sugar Content in Food Products by Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Enzymatic Methods

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop and optimise a method of sugar content determination in food products. Date juice (syrup) was used as a sample natural food resource for the analysis because of its potential usage as an alternative substrate for a variety of fermentation processes. Hence, qualifying and quantifying its sugar content is a crucial step. Therefore, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used as a pre-qualitative method to identify the types of sugar in the date sample. The results demonstrate that the analysed date juice contains glucose, fructose and sucrose. This analysis was obtained by measuring the retention time of individual standard sugar samples such as glucose, fructose, mannose and sucrose. In addition, the mass spectra of the standard and date juice samples contained characteristic fragments of glucose, fructose and sucrose. Thus, GCMS results determined the appropriate enzymatic assays for quantifying the sugars in date juice. These results were similar to those of the two enzymatic methods (standard enzymatic assay and measuring the change in pH by CL10 analyser). Therefore, they confirmed the identified sugars and provided the sugar contents of the sample. Consequently, sugar quantification results indicate that 1 g of date juice sample contains a total of 0.5275–0.5507 g of six-carbon sugars (glucose + fructose) and 0.064–0.068 g of sucrose. As a consequence, the total sugar content in 1 g of date juice is 0.600–0.615 g. These results are comparable to the sample analysis that is provided by the date juice production company.

Studies on Proximate Composition, Mineral and Total Phenolic Content of Yogurt Bites Enriched with Different Plant Raw Material

“…The amounts of total sugar in plant raw materials and yogurt bites were identified using a standard enzymatic assay (second method) [26]. The total fat in yogurt bites and plant raw materials was established by the Soxhlet extraction method using SOXTHERM (Gerhardt, GmbH & Co., Königswinter, Germany) according to AOAC932.06/2012 [27], and the total protein by the Kjeldahl method according to EN ISO 8968-3:2007 using KJEL-DATHERM (Gerhardt, Königswinter, Germany) [28].…”

Alpha-crystallin mutations alter lens metabolites in mouse models of human cataracts

“…Sample preparation, metabolite quantification, data analysis, and data interpretation were performed at the Washington University School of Medicine Mass Spectrometry Core. The recently described GC-MS methods were used [ 25 – 28 ]. To analyze small metabolites, lenses were dissected from mice according to approved animal protocols.…”

Nutritional and Physicochemical Characterization of Strychnos madagascariensis Poir (Black Monkey Orange) Seeds as a Potential Food Source

“…These components were determined using the methods set out by Goering and Van Soest [ 7 ], in which samples were digested in an acid-detergent solution and a neutral-detergent solution (respectively) using a digestion block. Reducing sugars and starch quantification were performed using the Somogyi–Nelson assay and spectrophotometry methods set out by Al-Mhanna [ 8 ]. The fat content was determined through ether extraction, using the methods of AOAC [ 9 ].…”