Analysis of the Structure of the Bacterial Community in the Livestock Manure-based Composting Process

Abstract

We investigated the structure of bacterial communities present in livestock manure-based composting processes and evaluated the bacterial succession during the composting processes. Compost samples were derived separately from swine manure, dairy manure and sewage sludge. The structure of the bacterial community was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) using universal eubacterial primers. The genus Bacillus and related genera were mainly detected following the thermophilic composting phase of swine and dairy manure composts, and the members of the phylum Bacteroidetes were mainly detected in the cattle manure waste-based and sewage sludge compost. We recovered and sequenced limited number of the bands; however, the PCR-DGGE analysis showed that predominant diversities during the composting processes were markedly changed. Although PCR-DGGE analysis revealed the presence of different phyla in the early stages of composting, the members of the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were observed to be one of the predominant phyla after the thermophilic phase.

Bacterial Groups Concerned with Maturing Process in Manure Production Analyzed by a Method Based on Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis

“…The numbers of γ-proteobacteria (Group H), which was suggested to be a dominant microorganism in the both phase [11], decreased from 140 × 10 8 MPN g −1 to 73.2 × 10 8 MPN g −1 after maturing ( Table 2 after maturing ( Table 2 and Figure 1). The numbers of the other gram negative bacteria (Group J), which was suggested to be a dominant microorganism in maturing process [7] [8], increased from 0.0041 × 10 8 MPN g −1 to 480 × 10 8 MPN g −1 after maturing (10 5 times) ( Table 2 and Figure 1). An inappropriate MPN score (1-3-0) was observed in B. benzovorans (Group A after maturing) ( Table 2), where confidence limit could not be calculated.…”

“…Therefore a total number of Bacillus spp. (A + B + C), which was suggested to be a dominant microorganism in thermophilic process [3] [6] [7] [10], decreased to 1/10 after maturing phase (Figure 1). The numbers of the other Firmicutes (Group D) [8], which was sug gested to be a dominant microorganism in the both process, were the same level, 41. , respectively ( Table 2).…”

“…Although unculture-based technique, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) [7] [8] [10] [11] [13] or clone library sequencing [6] [9] [11] [12] [14], targets the both cultured and uncultured microorganisms, the method only reveals variations of relative abundance of each microbial groups and a change of the microbial numbers remains unclear.…”

Microbial Anaerobic Digestion (Bio-Digesters) as an Approach to the Decontamination of Animal Wastes in Pollution Control and the Generation of Renewable Energy

“…[39]. Although manure-silage contained the greatest volume of manure, the other recipes also contained manure which explains why taxa commonly associated with animal feces (e.g., Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, c-Proteobacteria, Chaetomium, Coprinis, and Ascobolus) were found in all recipes [2,19,40]. Zygomycota in the Harpelles, Mortierellales, and Mucorales were associated more with manure-silage and hay than hardwood composts.…”

“…Most studies have utilized culture-based methods [2,4,5,6,7] that are known to only capture a small portion of the microbial diversity found in environmental samples [8]. While a few studies have employed cultivation-independent approaches, a comprehensive perspective on compost microbial dynamics is still lacking because these studies have focused on only one of the three compost phases [9,10,11,12,13,14] or have used fingerprinting techniques that offer limited taxonomic resolution [15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. The few available high-throughput sequencing studies have focused primarily on bacteria [22,23,24,25] even though fungi likely play an important role in the compost process and may enhance the quality of compost.…”