Analysis of the stress raising action of flaws in laser clad deposits

Alam, Md. Minhaj; Kaplan, Alexander; Tuominen, Jari; Vuoristo, Petri; Miettinen, Juha; Poutala, J.; Näkki, Jonne; Junkala, J.; Peltola, T.; Barsoum, Zuheir

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.10.010

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Spherical-shaped micro-pores were also identified in the dimpled rupture zone as indicated by arrows in Figure 5 a, which was on account of the entrapped gas inside the gas-atomized (GA) hollow powders [ 30 , 36 , 37 , 53 , 54 ]. The trapped gas inside the powders could not come out of the melt pool because of the fast cooling nature caused by the LENS process, which ended up forming the micropores in the as-deposited part.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Fracture Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Additively-Manufactured AISI 4140 Low Alloy Steel by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

et al. 2017

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AISI 4140 powder was directly deposited on AISI 4140 wrought substrate using laser engineered net shaping (LENS) to investigate the compatibility of a LENS-deposited part with the substrate. Tensile testing at room temperature was performed to evaluate the interface bond performance and fracture behavior of the test specimens. All the samples failed within the as-deposited zone, indicating that the interfacial bond is stronger than the interlayer bond inside the deposit. The fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Results show that the tensile fracture failure of the as-deposited part is primarily affected by lack-of-fusion defects, carbide precipitation, and oxide particles inclusions, which causes premature failure of the deposit by deteriorating the mechanical properties and structural integrity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Fracture Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Additively-Manufactured AISI 4140 Low Alloy Steel by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

et al. 2017

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“…A number of micro-pores with small and spherical shapes were also observed in the dimple fracture surface ( Figure 7 c), which was attributed to the gas entrapped hollow particles in the gas-atomized (GA) powders [ 17 , 20 , 22 , 38 , 39 ]. During the LENS process, the inert gas inside the powders could not escape from the melt pool due to the rapid solidification process, resulting in the formation of micro-pores in the as-deposited IN718 part.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Engineered Net Shaping of Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718 Powders onto AISI 4140 Alloy Steel Substrates: Interface Bond and Fracture Failure Mechanism

et al. 2017

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As a prospective candidate material for surface coating and repair applications, nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 (IN718) was deposited on American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 4140 alloy steel substrate by laser engineered net shaping (LENS) to investigate the compatibility between two dissimilar materials with a focus on interface bonding and fracture behavior of the hybrid specimens. The results show that the interface between the two dissimilar materials exhibits good metallurgical bonding. Through the tensile test, all the fractures occurred in the as-deposited IN718 section rather than the interface or the substrate, implying that the as-deposited interlayer bond strength is weaker than the interfacial bond strength. From the fractography using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray spectrometry (EDS), three major factors affecting the tensile fracture failure of the as-deposited part are (i) metallurgical defects such as incompletely melted powder particles, lack-of-fusion porosity, and micropores; (ii) elemental segregation and Laves phase, and (iii) oxide formation. The fracture failure mechanism is a combination of all these factors which are detrimental to the mechanical properties and structural integrity by causing premature fracture failure of the as-deposited IN718.

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“…The specimen showed a reduced tensile strength and yield stress compared to newly manufactured crankshafts, resulting in a reduced fatigue life. Alam et al cladded ASTM F75 on ASTM A572 (1.0045) and observed pores on the surfaces of cylindrical and square bars [8]. It was found that surface cracks were initiated due to these pores, with a negative effect on service life.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Tailored Forming of AISI 52100 as Rolling Bearing Raceway

Coors

Mildebrath

Büdenbender

et al. 2020

Metals

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Hybrid cylindrical roller thrust bearing washers of type 81212 were manufactured by tailored forming. An AISI 1022M base material, featuring a sufficient strength for structural loads, was cladded with the bearing steel AISI 52100 by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA). Though AISI 52100 is generally regarded as non-weldable, it could be applied as a cladding material by adjusting PTA parameters. The cladded parts were investigated after each individual process step and subsequently tested under rolling contact load. Welding defects that could not be completely eliminated by the subsequent hot forming were characterized by means of scanning acoustic microscopy and micrographs. Below the surface, pores with a typical size of ten µm were found to a depth of about 0.45 mm. In the material transition zone and between individual weld seams, larger voids were observed. Grinding of the surface after heat treatment caused compressive residual stresses near the surface with a relatively small depth. Fatigue tests were carried out on an FE8 test rig. Eighty-two percent of the calculated rating life for conventional bearings was achieved. A high failure slope of the Weibull regression was determined. A relationship between the weld defects and the fatigue behavior is likely.

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Analysis of the stress raising action of flaws in laser clad deposits

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Tensile Fracture Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Additively-Manufactured AISI 4140 Low Alloy Steel by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Tensile Fracture Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Additively-Manufactured AISI 4140 Low Alloy Steel by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Laser Engineered Net Shaping of Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718 Powders onto AISI 4140 Alloy Steel Substrates: Interface Bond and Fracture Failure Mechanism

Investigations on Tailored Forming of AISI 52100 as Rolling Bearing Raceway

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