“…To assess the stability of the backfill using 3D numerical simulations was proved to be effective [2,[28][29][30][31][32]. Geometric and mechanical parameters used in numerical modeling were taken as typical values from previous studies [7,8,11,12,20,36,38]. typical values from previous studies [7,8,11,12,36,38]: unit weight c � 27 kN/m , Young's modulus E � 30 GPa, and Poisson's ratio ] � 0.25. e four vertical boundaries of meshes were constricted using roller support.…”