Analysis of the spatial variation of indoor radon concentrations (national survey in Bulgaria)

Ivanova, Kremena; Stojanovska, Zdenka; Kunovska, Bistra; Chobanova, Nina; Badulin, Viktor; Benderev, Aleksey

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04163-9

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Radon exposure is responsible for approximately half of the total annual background radiation exposure (UNCEAR, 2000). For many people, 222 Rn is an important source of exposure, which, in principle, can be controlled to some extent (Ivanova et al, 2019). Radon gas has high mobility and is driven by advection and diffusion with the soil gas throughout connected and water-unsaturated pores and/or cracks in permeable rocks and soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is due to the fact that the presence of liquid and gas fluids decreases the cross-sectional area available for the flow of each other. In Bulgaria, studies for the evaluation of the radon geogenic potential, applying the different approaches over the whole territory are carried on nowadays at relatively general geological spatial schemes (Ivanova et al, 2019). Review of the hydrogeological investigations, which can be related to radon potential were made by Valchev et al (2020) and Kunovska et al (2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General 1-D hydrogeological model for temporal near-surface loess saturation assessment for the needs of radon potential mapping

Kolev¹

2021

Rev. Bulg. Geol. Soc.

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Radon gas has high mobility and is driven by advection and diffusion with the soil gas throughout connected and water-unsaturated pores and/or cracks in permeable rocks and soils. Hence the radon potential of the area could be dependent on not only geology as a constant source of radon but also from the changes of the saturation state of the ground. The loess complex, characterized by its permeability and usual state of unsaturation, covers 10% of the Bulgarian territory. The study deals with the principles of unsaturated domain modeling. An attempt of generic vertical infiltration model coinciding with the most upper part of loess vadose zone was performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General 1-D hydrogeological model for temporal near-surface loess saturation assessment for the needs of radon potential mapping

Kolev¹

2021

Rev. Bulg. Geol. Soc.

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“…In Bulgaria, studies concerning the measurement of radon in particular geomorphological units and/or evaluation of the radon potential, applying the different approaches over the whole territory, are being done nowadays (Ivanova et al, 2019;Antonov et al, 2020;Nojarov et al, 2020;Turek et al, 2020). At the moment, there is a lack of detailed investigation of the near-surface hydrogeology from the viewpoint of radon potential and moisture content tendencies and relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of investigations into the vadose zone’s variable state of saturation in connection with the assessment of radon potential in Bulgaria

Kunovska

Trayanova

Mutovska

et al. 2021

Geologica Balcanica

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Natural radon (222Rn) is a radioactive noble gas that occurs as the immediate decay product of radium (226Ra), part of the 238U family, in the lithosphere. Radon is driven by advection and diffusion with soil gas throughout connected and water-unsaturated pores and/or cracks in permeable rocks and soils. The aim of the present study is to do a review of the existing so far research activities in Bulgaria in connection with the observation and/or evaluation of the degree of water saturation of the near-surface layer, and on that base to distinguish the up-to-date achievements in regards to the radon potential in situ evaluation. Due to this review, the studies in Bulgaria concerning moisture dynamics in the near-surface layers can be divided mainly into two groups. The first one investigates the hydraulic characteristics (parameters) of soils in the vadose zone. Based on that, conclusions or computer simulations for the saturation degree estimation can be drawn. The other group includes in situ observations by sensors on the change of moisture with time. The results of these studies may serve as a base for more precise moisture dynamics assessment at sites with specific radon potential tendencies.

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“…Park et al (2018) described the influence of environmental variables (i.e., groundwater usage, season, building materials, residence type, number of residential floors, and construction year) on changes in radon accumulation in residential areas. Ivanova et al (2019) analyzed the spatial variability of radon levels according to geological parameters including geotectonic units, rock type, and distance to fault. They found that igneous and volcanogenicsedimentary rocks had high radon emanation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Geogenic Radon Potential Mapping in Danyang-Gun, South Korea

Rezaie

Kim

Alizadeh

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Continuous generation of radon gas by soil and rocks rich in components of the uranium chain, along with prolonged inhalation of radon progeny in enclosed spaces, can lead to severe respiratory diseases. Detection of radon-prone areas and acquisition of detailed knowledge regarding relationships between indoor radon variations and geogenic factors can facilitate the implementation of more appropriate radon mitigation strategies in high-risk residential zones. In the present study, 10 factors (i.e., lithology; fault density; mean soil calcium oxide [CaO], copper [Cu], lead [Pb], and ferric oxide [Fe2O3] concentrations; elevation; slope; valley depth; and the topographic wetness index [TWI]) were selected to map radon potential areas based on measurements of indoor radon levels in 1,452 dwellings. Mapping was performed using three machine learning methods: long short-term memory (LSTM), extreme learning machine (ELM), and random vector functional link (RVFL). The results were validated in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), root mean square error (RMSE), and standard deviation (StD). The prediction abilities of all models were satisfactory; however, the ELM model had the best performance, with AUROC, RMSE, and StD values of 0.824, 0.209, and 0.207, respectively. Moreover, approximately 40% of the study area was covered by very high and high-risk radon potential zones that mainly included populated areas in Danyang-gun, South Korea. Therefore, the map can be used to establish more appropriate construction regulations in radon-priority areas, and identify more cost-effective remedial actions for existing buildings, thus reducing indoor radon levels and, by extension, radon exposure-associated effects on human health.

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Analysis of the spatial variation of indoor radon concentrations (national survey in Bulgaria)

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

General 1-D hydrogeological model for temporal near-surface loess saturation assessment for the needs of radon potential mapping

General 1-D hydrogeological model for temporal near-surface loess saturation assessment for the needs of radon potential mapping

Review of investigations into the vadose zone’s variable state of saturation in connection with the assessment of radon potential in Bulgaria

Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Geogenic Radon Potential Mapping in Danyang-Gun, South Korea

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