Analysis of the Serum Profile of Cytokines Involved in the T-Helper Cell Type 17 Immune Response Pathway in Atopic Children with Food Allergy

Abstract

The main risk factor for the development of food allergies (FAs) in children is atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is usually recognized as the Th1/Th2 paradigm of allergic disease. Recently, the Th1/Th2 paradigm in allergy and autoimmunity has been revised, including the role of the Th17 cell population and related cytokines. However, there are only a few studies that have found Th17 cytokine involvement in the allergic inflammatory response, especially with food allergens. This research aimed to analyze the serum profile of cytokines involved in the T-helper cell type 17 immune response pathway in young, atopic children with an IgE-mediated and delayed-type FA. The study involved 76 children (0–5 years old) with chronic AD. We used the Bio-Plex system to simultaneously determine the concentrations of 15 different cytokines in one experiment. In accordance with complete dermatological and allergological examination, including OFC testing and ALEX2 assays, participants were divided into 3 groups: IgE-mediated FA, delayed-type FA, and the control group. Data were analyzed using univariate statistical tests. In the IgE-mediated FA group, the circulating levels of tested cytokines had increased compared with those of other patients; however, a statistically significant difference was only obtained for IL-1beta (p < 0.05). According to the ROC curves, IL-1beta may be considered an effective predictor of IgE-mediated FA in AD children (p < 0.05; AUC = 0.67). In the delayed-type FA group, the concentration of most cytokines had slightly decreased compared to the control group. The obtained results suggest that FA influences the Th17-related cytokine profile in the serum of AD children. More advanced studies are needed to confirm the involvement of Th17 cytokines in the allergic inflammatory response and to prove their usefulness in clinical practice.

Heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei JY56 can relieve ovalbumin-induced food allergy via regulating immuno-inflammatory responses and gut microbiota

“…And the mast cell activation of OVA was further verified in later experiments. In addition, IL-17 is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by Th17 cells, which could promote Th2-mediated food allergy [23]. Here we noticed that the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-17A in FA mice were significantly decreased following intervention with different doses of HK-L. paracasei JY56 (P < 0.05).…”

Glycation of Whey Proteins Increases the Ex Vivo Immune Response of Lymphocytes Sensitized to β-Lactoglobulin

“…IL-17A mediates crosstalk between the immune system and various epithelial tissues. This cytokine is released by Th17 cells; a subset of T cells and IL-6 are involved in this polarization [ 36 , 37 ]. The mechanisms of Th1/Th2 differentiation and their principles of action are well established.…”

CD226 deficiency exacerbated intestinal immune dysregulation in mice with dinitrochlorobenzene‐induced atopic dermatitis

“…Generally, Th2 response hypersensitivity triggers AD, and Foxp3 + Treg cell induction prevents AD progression. Moreover, phenotypic analysis of PMBCs from patients with severe AD revealed a significant increase of Th17 cells, indicating a direct relationship between Th17 cells and the disease severity [21,22]. To further investigate how CD226 affects intestinal immunity in inflammatory and allergic diseases, we examined intestine-related immune tissues in an AD-like model in CD226 KO mice.…”