Analysis of the Sedimentation Characteristics of Ultrafine Tailings Based on an Orthogonal Experiment

Abstract

Due to continuous improvements in the beneficiation process, the size of tailings has decreased. In many mines, more than 50% of the total tailings are finer than 74 μm. Ultrafine tailings exhibit a slow settling velocity and uneven settling, which pose new challenges to the safety and stability of tailings dams. In this paper, ultrafine iron tailings from the Makeng Iron Mine in Longyan City, Fujian Province, were used as the research object. A four-factor, three-level orthogonal test method was used to study the sedimentation characteristics of ultrafine tailings with four common curing agent materials, including polyacrylamide, polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate, and polyferric sulfate. The results show that when the pulp concentration is 30%, the polyacrylamide is cationic and the molecular weight is 10 million, the optimal content of the flocculant is 3‰, the optimum dose of the polyaluminum chloride with a content of 28 is 0.1‰, the optimum dose of polyaluminum sulfate is 1‰, and the optimum dose of polymeric ferric sulfate is 1‰. When the flocculant is mixed according to the proportion of 2‰ polyacrylamide, 0.05‰ polyaluminum chloride, 1‰ polyaluminum sulfate, and 1.0‰ polyferric sulfate, the sedimentation speed of the ultrafine tailings is fast, and the supernatant liquid is clear. The results of multivariate nonlinear regression analysis of the sedimentation curve show that the primary and secondary factors affecting sedimentation are polyacrylamide > polyaluminum sulfate > polyaluminum chloride > polyferric sulfate. When the optimal ratio is applied, the cohesion (c) of ultrafine tailings increases from 27 kPa to 68.75 kPa and the internal friction angle (φ) increases from 25.53° to 27.53°, which shows that the shear strength improves and the stability of the tailings dam increases. The economic analysis of the composite flocculant with the optimal ratio shows that the flocculant with the optimal proportion has an obvious economic advantage over polyacrylamide alone.

Towards a Circular Economy in the Mining Industry: Possible Solutions for Water Recovery through Advanced Mineral Tailings Dewatering

“…According to Stokes' law (Equation ( 1)), it is evident that particles in the larger size fraction settle at a significantly faster rate compared to silts and clays. Due to their small particle size, ultrafine tailings possess a significant specific surface area and high reactivity, which makes them challenging to settle rapidly within a limited time through gravity alone [106].…”

Multiscale mechanical characterizations of ultrafine tailings mixed with incineration slag

“…In recent years, the number of ultrafine tailings reservoirs have been increasing gradually (Li et al, 2019;Shi et al, 2020;Han et al, 2022). However, the research efforts on ultrafine tailings particles are still inadequate, thereby inconducive to future sustainable development (Jing et al, 2019;Jing et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2022).…”

Stacked deposits of thickened and filtered fluid fine tailings using geotextile tubes – concepts/lessons learned updates

“…In many mines, over 50% of the tailings are finer than 75 µm. However, the fluid fine tailings sedimentation is extremely slow due to the comprehensive effects of their physical and chemical properties, posing challenges to the safety and stability of tailings dams (Li et al 2019). Therefore, minimising the accumulation of soft and wet tailings deposits behind dams and ensuring that they are reclaimed progressively during the life of a project will significantly contribute to the long-term reclamation performance of tailings facilities.…”