Analysis of the second harmonic effect on power amplifier intermodulation products

Barakat, Ayman; Thian, Mury; Fusco, Vincent

doi:10.1109/imoc.2015.7369207

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…For example, the second‐order intermodulation (IM2) and harmonics of a 900 MHz band may fall into the receiving frequency range of a 1800 MHz band, resulting in the PIM distortion interference (PIMDI) to the system. In addition, in actual radio frequency (RF) circuits, when the second‐order signals generated by active non‐linearities [6] are radiated into the environment and coupled into passive devices, the strong second‐order signals will be mixed with the fundamental frequency signals to generate more passive IM products to degrade the quality of communication. Therefore, for the multiple non‐linearities cascaded system, the second‐order effect model needs to be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of second harmonic and second‐order intermodulation on third‐order passive intermodulation

Jin

Feng

2021

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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Third-order intermodulation (IM3) is considered as a typical metric to evaluate passive intermodulation (PIM) in electrical connectors, which may be affected by the second-order effect in the circuit with cascaded non-linearities. In this study, the effects of second harmonics and second-order intermodulation on the IM3 powers were theoretically modelled and experimentally verified. Combined with mathematical modelling, an equivalent circuit model of a passive non-linear source was presented to investigate the effect of second-order signals on the IM3 powers. A modified non-linear transfer function was developed by considering multiple non-linear superpositions in cascaded non-linearities. Based on the designed two-tone test, a mathematical expression was provided with the determination of correlation model coefficients. Numerical simulations were performed by using the proposed model, demonstrating the effect of signals induced by the second-order non-linearity on the IM3 powers in series passive components. The IM3 powers resulting from cascaded connectors associated with different signal frequencies were predicted. Coaxial connector samples were designed as cascaded PIM sources in circuits, which were experimentally measured in a GSM 900 MHz frequency band. Good agreement was obtained between the predictions and measurements with error of 0.76 dB in average.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%