Analysis of the Seat-Dip Effect in Twelve European Concert Halls

Tahvanainen, Henna; Pätynen, Jukka; Lokki, Tapio

doi:10.3813/aaa.918869

Cited by 12 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…As an alternative technique to binaural rendering, 3,16 this method eliminates several shortcomings related to binaural audio schemes 22 such as the lack of externalization and the subsequent difficulty in assessing spatial acoustics. 13 SDM has been successfully applied in the assessment of perceptual qualities of concert halls, 23,24 as well as in evaluating small-sized spaces, e.g., studio control rooms. 25 The applicability of SDM in automotive environments has been recently investigated and a recommendation was proposed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual aspects of reproduced sound in car cabin acoustics

Kaplanis

Bech

Tervo

et al. 2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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An experiment was conducted to determine the perceptual effects of car cabin acoustics on the reproduced sound field. In-car measurements were conducted whilst the cabin's interior was physically modified. The captured sound fields were recreated in the laboratory using a three-dimensional loudspeaker array. A panel of expert assessors followed a rapid sensory analysis protocol, the flash profile, to perceptually characterize and evaluate 12 acoustical conditions of the car cabin using individually elicited attributes. A multivariate analysis revealed the panel's consensus and the identified perceptual constructs. Six perceptual constructs characterize the differences between the acoustical conditions of the cabin, related to bass, ambience, transparency, width and envelopment, brightness, and image focus. The current results indicate the importance of several acoustical properties of a car's interior on the perceived sound qualities. Moreover, they signify the capacity of the applied methodology in assessing spectral and spatial properties of automotive environments in laboratory settings using a time-efficient and flexible protocol.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual aspects of reproduced sound in car cabin acoustics

Kaplanis

Bech

Tervo

et al. 2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…6 First, open seats on a flat floor enable multiple paths with varying lengths between the seats, which typically results in a wide dip with maximum attention around 200 Hz, and attenuation range that may extend up to about 1 kHz. Second, closed seats on a raked floor allow only a few fixed paths, thus generating a narrow dip at around 100 Hz that is considerably deeper than in the case of the open seats.…”

Section: Seat-dip Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, subsequent reflections tend to level the initial SDE in the room impulse response (RIR) spectrum, 5,6 but it is not clear to what extent the leveling affects its audibility. Therefore, it is essential to focus on the perceptibility of the initial SDE since it has architectural implications: if it presents a perceptual problem, it would be useful to know if it can be rendered inaudible with additional reflected energy that levels the RIR spectrum, or whether it is necessary to design the seating area in a way that reduces the initial SDE itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, this seems to be the case with many halls. 5,6 Possible more general effects on timbre or tonal balance may require different measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, uniform accumulation of spatial energy appears to level the SDE. 6 Perceptual studies specifically addressing the SDE are limited to the threshold of perception study by Davies et al 9 They used a 3D reproduction system with eight loudspeakers in anechoic chamber, delay units to create individual reflections, and a digital reverberator for the late sound. The seat- dip filter was composed of two cascaded 1/3 octave band equalizers to create an approximately even attenuation across the 200 Hz octave band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptual significance of seat-dip effect related direct sound coloration in concert halls

Tahvanainen

Haapaniemi

Lokki

2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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In concert halls, the spectrum of direct sound (here 0 to 15 ms) is influenced by the seat-dip effect that causes selective low frequency attenuation. The seat-dip effect has been considered to be detrimental to the acoustic quality of halls, yet there is little evidence about the perceptual significance of the effect. This paper studies the discrimination and preference of seat-dip effect related changes in the direct sound, with realistic auralization of multichannel anechoic orchestra recordings in halls measured with the loudspeaker orchestra. Comparisons are made with a free-field direct sound and direct sound magnitude changes typically associated with the seat-dip effect. Overall, the differences were not significantly audible, except with a subgroup of participants in one out of four halls, and two out of three comparisons. Furthermore, participants' preference for the uncolored direct sound was significant in the halls with less reflected energy, but non-significant in the halls with more reflected energy. The results imply that for most seats in adequately reverberant halls, typical seat-dip effect related coloration in the direct sound can be perceptually negligible.

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Auditory Spatial Impression in Concert Halls

Lokki

Pätynen

2020

Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing

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This chapter discuss acoustics of concert halls, in particular from the viewpoint of binaural perception. The early reflections have a crucial role in the quality of sound, perceived dynamics, and timbre. In particular, the direction from which these reflections reach the listener is important due to the properties of human spatial hearing. The chapter has strong links to psychoacoustical phenomena, such as the precedence effect and binaural loudness. We discuss which aspects of a concert hall give listeners an impression of intimacy and a perception of proximity to the sound. Moreover, it is explained why a concert hall could change the perceived dynamics and spaciousness. Examples are presented with the measured data from real concert halls.

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Analysis of the Seat-Dip Effect in Twelve European Concert Halls

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Perceptual aspects of reproduced sound in car cabin acoustics

Perceptual aspects of reproduced sound in car cabin acoustics

Perceptual significance of seat-dip effect related direct sound coloration in concert halls

Auditory Spatial Impression in Concert Halls

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