Analysis of the Sacral Neural Crest Cell Contribution to the Hindgut Enteric Nervous System in the Mouse Embryo

Wang, Xia; Chan, Alex K.K.; Sham, Mai Har; Burns, Alan J.; Chan, Wood Yee

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.002

Cited by 92 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Digestive functions are regulated by a complex neural network, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), endowed in the gut wall and extending throughout its length from the esophagus to the internal anal sphincter [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The ENS derives from the neural crest [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and consists of neurons distributed in two ganglionated plexuses, myenteric (Auerbach's) and sub-mucosal (Meissner's), located within the gut wall. Enteric neurons can be identified according to their function, location, neurochemistry, shape, projections, quantitative properties and connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enteric neurons can be identified according to their function, location, neurochemistry, shape, projections, quantitative properties and connections. After intensive research from several laboratories over the past two decades, a full description of all functional classes of enteric neurons has been recently achieved in the guinea pig and the mouse intestine [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . GI motility disorders, such as vomiting, constipation, diarrhea and fecal incontinence, often accompany type-1 diabetes, both in patients and in animal models [18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes-related alterations in the enteric nervous system and its microenvironment

Bagyánszki

Bódi²

2012

WJD

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Gastric intestinal symptoms common among diabetic patients are often caused by intestinal motility abnormalities related to enteric neuropathy. It has recently been demonstrated that the nitrergic subpopulation of myenteric neurons are especially susceptible to the development of diabetic neuropathy. Additionally, different susceptibility of nitrergic neurons located in different intestinal segments to diabetic damage and their different levels of responsiveness to insulin treatment have been revealed. These findings indicate the importance of the neuronal microenvironment in the pathogenesis of diabetic nitrergic neuropathy. The main focus of this review therefore was to summarize recent advances related to the diabetes-related selective nitrergic neuropathy and associated motility disturbances. Special attention was given to the findings on capillary endothelium and enteric glial cells. Growing evidence indicates that capillary endothelium adjacent to the myenteric ganglia and enteric glial cells surrounding them are determinative in establishing the ganglionic microenvironment. Additionally, recent advances in the development of new strategies to improve glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are also considered in this review. Finally, looking to the future, the recent and promising results of metagenomics for the characterization of the gut microbiome in health and disease such as diabetes are highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes-related alterations in the enteric nervous system and its microenvironment

Bagyánszki

Bódi²

2012

WJD

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“…[1][2][3] Cranial NCCs differentiate into teeth, bone, cartilage and connective tissue in the head; vagal NCCs contribute to the enteric nervous system (ENS) and cardiac outflow tracts; trunk NCCs give rise to sympathetic ganglia and norepinephrine-producing cells in the adrenal gland; sacral NCC contributes to the ENS of distal gut. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Skin pigment cells are derived from NCC from all A-P levels. Defective NCC development causes neurocristopathies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation of Hoxb5 signaling in vagal and trunk neural crest cells causes apoptosis and neurocristopathies in mice

et al. 2013

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Neural crest cells (NCCs) migrate from different regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the neural tube (NT) to form different structures. Defective NCC development causes congenital neurocristopathies affecting multiple NCC-derived tissues in human. Perturbed Hoxb5 signaling in vagal NCC causes enteric nervous system (ENS) defects. This study aims to further investigate if perturbed Hoxb5 signaling in trunk NCC contributes to defects of other NCC-derived tissues besides the ENS. We perturbed Hoxb5 signaling in NCC from the entire NT, and investigated its impact in the development of tissues derived from these cells in mice. Perturbation of Hoxb5 signaling in these NCC resulted in Sox9 downregulation, NCC apoptosis, hypoplastic sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia, hypopigmentation and ENS defects. Mutant mice with NCC-specific Sox9 deletion also displayed some of these phenotypes. In vitro and in vivo assays indicated that the Sox9 promoter was bound and trans-activated by Hoxb5. In ovo studies further revealed that Sox9 alleviated apoptosis induced by perturbed Hoxb5 signaling, and Hoxb5 induced ectopic Sox9 expression in chick NT. This study demonstrates that Hoxb5 regulates Sox9 expression in NCC and disruption of this signaling causes Sox9 downregulation, NCC apoptosis and multiple NCC-developmental defects. Phenotypes such as ENS deficiency, hypopigmentation and some of the neurological defects are reported in patients with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). Whether dysregulation of Hoxb5 signaling and early depletion of NCC contribute to ENS defect and other neurocristopathies in HSCR patients deserves further investigation.

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“…[88][89][90] In the ENS, live imaging using Wnt1-cre;R26R-YFP [91][92][93] To enhance the cellular resolution within the migrating population, different genetically-encoded photo-convertible fluorescent proteins are now available. Photostimulation of these proteins, usually using violet to blue wavelength light, induces a change in the fluorescent properties.…”

Section: Live Imaging Of the Developing Enteric Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Tools to Investigate Cellular Activity in the Intestinal Wall

Boesmans

Hao

Berghe

2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Live imaging has become an essential tool to investigate the coordinated activity and output of cellular networks. Within the last decade, 2 Nobel prizes have been awarded to recognize innovations in the field of imaging: one for the discovery, use, and optimization of the green fluorescent protein (2008) and the second for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy (2014). New advances in both optogenetics and microscopy now enable researchers to record and manipulate activity from specific populations of cells with better contrast and resolution, at higher speeds, and deeper into live tissues. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent developments in microscope technology and in the synthesis of fluorescent probes, both synthetic and genetically encoded. We focus on how live imaging of cellular physiology has progressed our understanding of the control of gastrointestinal motility, and we discuss the hurdles to overcome in order to apply the novel tools in the field of neurogastroenterology and motility.

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Analysis of the Sacral Neural Crest Cell Contribution to the Hindgut Enteric Nervous System in the Mouse Embryo

Cited by 92 publications

References 31 publications

Diabetes-related alterations in the enteric nervous system and its microenvironment

Diabetes-related alterations in the enteric nervous system and its microenvironment

Perturbation of Hoxb5 signaling in vagal and trunk neural crest cells causes apoptosis and neurocristopathies in mice

Optical Tools to Investigate Cellular Activity in the Intestinal Wall

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