Analysis of the Ripple Current in a 5 kW Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack

Ladewig, Bradley P.; Lapicque, François

doi:10.1002/fuce.200800049

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…GenSys Ò fuel cell system characteristics [296]. Cell company) [64]. It works with a natural gas reformer and hydrogen purification membrane unit.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research

et al. 2011

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Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy stored in hydrogen fuel directly and efficiently to electrical energy with water as the only byproduct, have the potential to reduce our energy use, pollutant emissions, and dependence on fossil fuels. Great deal of efforts has been made in the past, particularly during the last couple of decades or so, to advance the PEM fuel cell technology and fundamental research. Factors such as durability and cost still remain as the major barriers to fuel cell commercialization. In the past two years, more than 35% cost reduction has been achieved in fuel cell fabrication, the current status of $61/kW (2009) for transportation fuel cell is still over 50% higher than the target of the US Department of Energy (DOE), i.e. $30/kW by 2015, in order to compete with the conventional technology of internal-combustion engines. In addition, a lifetime of $2500 h (for transportation PEM fuel cells) was achieved in 2009, yet still needs to be doubled to meet the DOE's target, i.e. 5000 h. Breakthroughs are urgently needed to overcome these barriers. In this regard, fundamental studies play an important and indeed critical role. Issues such as water and heat management, and new material development remain the focus of fuel-cell performance improvement and cost reduction. Previous reviews mostly focus on one aspect, either a specific fuel cell application or a particular area of fuel cell research. The objective of this review is three folds: (1) to present the latest status of PEM fuel cell technology development and applications in the transportation, stationary, and portable/micro power generation sectors through an overview of the state-of-the-art and most recent technical progress; (2) to describe the need for fundamental research in this field and fill the gap of addressing the role of fundamental research in fuel cell technology; and (3) to outline major challenges in fuel cell technology development and the needs for fundamental research for the near future and prior to fuel cell commercialization.

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“…GenSys Ò fuel cell system characteristics [296]. Cell company) [64]. It works with a natural gas reformer and hydrogen purification membrane unit.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research

et al. 2011

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“…Over the last decade, many researchers have carried out investigations to show the negative effects of the current ripples coming from power converters on the PEMFC lifespan [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Due to the low and unregulated PEMFC stack voltage, a DC/DC boost converter is required in order to increase the latter for automotive and stationary applications.…”

Section: Durability Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These constraints are not the only issues in PEMFC systems. Indeed, in recent years, many investigations have been reported in the literature regarding the effects of low and high-frequency current ripples coming from power converters [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In general, low-frequency current ripples (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Lifespan Optimization by Developing a Power Switch Fault‐Tolerant Control in a Floating Interleaved Boost Converter

et al. 2016

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In recent years, fault tolerance has gained a growing interest from the scientific community, particularly in DC/DC converters. Generally, fault‐tolerance refers to a fault‐tolerant topology and/or control for power converters. In this paper, a floating interleaved boost converter (FIBC) is used in order to meet the fuel cell requirements, particularly in terms of input current ripple reduction and reliability. In DC/DC converters, power switches are ranked as the most fragile components. The most common failures in power switches are open‐circuit faults (OCFs), gating faults and short‐circuit faults (SCFs). The loss of one leg in case of OCF or SCF (considering that the faulty leg is isolated before damaging the system) leads up to the drastic increase of the fuel cell current ripple and consequently fuel cell lifespan reduction. The purpose of this paper is to present a fast and efficient power switch open‐circuit fault detection algorithm and fault‐tolerant control (FTC). The performances of the developed fault detection algorithm and FTC are validated by carrying out experimental tests between a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a FIBC topology. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the developed FTC to reduce drastically the fuel cell current ripple while improving the fuel cell lifespan.

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“…Additionally, an inverter is usually integrated to the system for conversion to alternative current. The high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) current ripples generated by the presence of power electronic converters, can induce accelerated performance decrease , , degradation of the MEA , electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) decrease , and gas diffusion layer (GDL) degradation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

et al. 2018

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A single polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been directly hybridized to a stack of three supercapacitors: the system formed has been investigated in operation in the fuel cell dynamic load cycle, which emulates the energy demand in transported applications. Comparison with regular, non‐hybridized fuel cell operation was analyzed in terms of hydrogen consumption in the case that the gas flow rates are directly controlled by cell current during the cycles with constant gas stoichiometric factors: the smoothening effect of the supercapacitors in the overall circuit leads to more even profiles of the cell current and voltage in the cycle, which allows safer and better hydrogen consumption management in this regime: the average H2 consumption per cycle could be reduced by 16% without change of the overall energy produced. Besides, the runs were conducted over more than 1,300 hours with evaluation of the fuel cell performance and capacity at regular intervals, with or without hybridization. A moderate positive effect of hybridization was observed in the time variations of the voltage‐current curves and the fuel crossover. However, the resistances for ohmic, charge transfer and diffusion phenomena, were not so much improved by the hybridization, in spite of less sharp voltage.

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Analysis of the Ripple Current in a 5 kW Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research

A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research

Fuel Cell Lifespan Optimization by Developing a Power Switch Fault‐Tolerant Control in a Floating Interleaved Boost Converter

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

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