Analysis of the repeatability of the exhaust pollutants emission research results for cold and hot starts under controlled driving cycle conditions

Jaworski, Artur J.; Kuszewski, Hubert; Ustrzycki, A.; Balawender, Krzysztof; Lejda, Kazimierz; Woś, P.

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1983-5

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The median THC EFs for cold-start and hot-start tests are 556.2 and 507.8 mg• kg-fuel -1 , respectively. Previous studies also show that cold starts have higher THC EFs than hot start operation, but cold-to-hot ratios can span a wide range due to differences in operating conditions and model years (Jaworski et al, 2018;Drozd et al, 2016). The ratio is generally larger for more modern, heavily controlled vehicles (Saliba et al, 2017;May et al, 2014).…”

Section: Quantification Of Ivocsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measurement report: Distinct Emissions and Volatility Distribution of Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds from on-road Chinese Gasoline Vehicle: Implication of High Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential

Tang¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. In the present work, we performed chassis dynamometer experiments to investigate the emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) from an on-road Chinese gasoline vehicle. High IVOCs emission factors (EFs) and distinct volatility distribution were recognized. The IVOCs EFs for the China V vehicle ranged from 12.1 to 226.3 mg · kg-fuel−1, with a median value of 83.7 mg · kg-fuel−1, which is higher than that from US vehicles. Besides, large discrepancy in volatility distribution and chemical composition of IVOCs from Chinese gasoline vehicle exhaust is discovered, with larger contributions of B14-B16 compounds and higher percentage of n-alkanes. Further we investigated the possible reasons that influence the IVOCs EFs and volatility distribution and found that fuel type, starting mode, operating cycles and acceleration rates could have an impact on the IVOCs EF. When using E10 (ethanol volume ratio of 10 %, v / v) as fuel, the IVOCs EF of the tested vehicle was lower than that using commercial China standard V fuel. Cold-start operation has higher IVOCs EF than hot-start operation. Chinese Light vehicles Test Cycle (CLTC) produced 70 % higher IVOCs than those from the World-wide harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC). We found that vehicle emitted more IVOCs at lower acceleration rates, which leads to high EFs under CLTC. The only factor that may influence the volatility distribution and compound composition is the engine-aftertreatment system, which has compound and volatility selectivity in exhaust purification. These distinct characteristics in EFs and volatility may result in higher SOA formation potential in China. Using published yield data and surrogate equivalent method, we estimated SOA formation under different OA loading and NOx conditions. Results showed that under low and high NOx conditions at different OA loadings, IVOCs contributes more than 80% of the predicted SOA. Furthermore, we built up a parameterization method to simply estimate the vehicular SOA based on our bottom-up measurement of VOCs and IVOCs, which would provide another dimension of information when considering the vehicular contribution to the ambient OA. Our results indicate that vehicular IVOCs contribute significantly to SOA, implying that the importance of reducing IVOCs when making air pollution controlling policies in urban area of China.

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Section: Quantification Of Ivocsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measurement report: Distinct Emissions and Volatility Distribution of Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds from on-road Chinese Gasoline Vehicle: Implication of High Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential

Tang¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Low temperatures of catalytic compounds, at cold engine start, reduce the efficiency of catalytic reactors (Jaworski et al, 2018b). Increased emission values due to cold engine start occur mainly in urban areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating an emission model based on portable emission measurement system for the purpose of a roundabout

Jaworski

Mądziel

Lejda

2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Road transport is the main source of pollution to the environment in urban areas; therefore, there is a need to accurately estimate the amount of exhaust gases emitted by motor vehicles. The development of systems for measuring emissions of exhaust gases caused the exit from stationary chassis dynamometers to real road test. This paper presents an analysis of emission data from the PEMS system for real driving cycles of various types of vehicles, complying with EURO2-EURO6 standards, fueled with petrol, LPG, and diesel in urban, rural, and motorway areas as well as detailing roundabouts. The results show that in the range of roundabouts, there is an increased emission of harmful exhaust components, such as CO 2 , THC, CO, and NO x . Due to the specific traffic conditions that prevail at the roundabout (acceleration, braking, acceleration to a certain speed), the methodology for creating an exhaust emission model for this type of objects has been proposed. Statistical analysis of the received boosted regression tree models based on the coefficient of regression, root mean square error, and mean absolute error and based on the visual assessment of the results show that the obtained models are well represented by real data. The obtained results of emission calculations on roundabouts may be used to identify areas of increased emission of harmful exhaust components, as well as an introduction to prepare new roundabout design guidelines concerning emission data.

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“…The variety of driving styles and characteristics of roadways in cities causes various emissions from vehicles. Fuel consumption, as well as exhaust emissions for different components of pollutants, among others CO2, CO, NOx (nitrogen oxides), THC, PM (particulate matter), is very diverse [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and depends mainly on the speed, acceleration, gradient of the road and thermal condition of the vehicle's engine. One of the points where occur the biggest accumulation of vehicle traffic in cities is intersections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Exhaust Emission from Combustion Engines on the Environment: Modelling of Vehicle Movement at Roundabouts

Mądziel¹,

Jaworski²,

Savostin-Kosiak³

et al. 2020

IJAME

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Due to the increased emission of harmful exhaust components, in particular CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), THC (total hydrocarbons), by motor vehicles, especially in the centres of urban agglomerations, it is necessary to create traffic simulation models that allow to estimate the emissions from road transport. One of the places where the largest accumulation of vehicles in cities occurs are intersections. This contributes to increasing the number of stops and repetitions of the acceleration and braking cycle, which has a direct impact on vehicle emissions. At the same time, roundabouts are intersections with specific traffic movement characteristics, therefore it is necessary to calibrate the simulation model beforehand. The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for modeling vehicle traffic at the roundabout and compare the combustion engines emissions resulting from vehicle movement on the example of the selected roundabout case studies. Vehicle traffic modeling was performed in the Vissim traffic microsimulation program based on real data. The comparison concerned the emissions for a two-lane and a turbo roundabout for the assumed traffic volume scenarios for properly calibrated simulation models. The results show that the performance of the simulation allows for the analysis of emissions and determination of its size for each of the roundabout inlets. It is also possible to determine the general dependencies e.g. the length of the queue of vehicles in relation to the emission of the analysed exhaust components. The analysis can be used as an introduction to changes in the guides for designing road intersections concerning vehicle emissions.

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Analysis of the repeatability of the exhaust pollutants emission research results for cold and hot starts under controlled driving cycle conditions

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Measurement report: Distinct Emissions and Volatility Distribution of Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds from on-road Chinese Gasoline Vehicle: Implication of High Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential

Measurement report: Distinct Emissions and Volatility Distribution of Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds from on-road Chinese Gasoline Vehicle: Implication of High Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential

Creating an emission model based on portable emission measurement system for the purpose of a roundabout

The Impact of Exhaust Emission from Combustion Engines on the Environment: Modelling of Vehicle Movement at Roundabouts

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