Analysis of the Relationship between Athletes'; Attitudes toward Doping, Sport Orientation, and Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport among Collegiate Athletes

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the relationship between the attitudes toward doping, sport orientation, and perceived motivational climate in sport, and to provide useful information on the anti-doping strategy. Methods: A total of 567 athletes in 21 sports completed four questionnaires Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS), Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ; competitiveness orientation, win orientation, goal orientation), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; task orientation, ego orientation), and Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2; ego-involving and task-involving climates). They were divided into four categories: speed/power (n=201), endurance (n=154), motor skill (n=119), and team (n=93). We identified the difference of variables among four categories and verified possible factors significantly associated with attitudes toward doping. Results: The PEAS of athletes in both speed/power sports and Team sports was higher than motor skill sports, and the team sports athletes also showed higher PEAS than endurance sports athletes. In speed/power sports, the task of TEOSQ and the win of SOQ were related to PEAS, and in endurance sports, the task of TEOSQ and the ego-involving of PMCSQ were related to PEAS. In motor skill sports and Team sports, the task-involving of PMCSQ and the goal of SOQ were associated with PEAS, respectively. Conclusion:The results of this study provided new insights into the psychosocial mechanisms of attitudes toward doping, and it would contribute significantly to effective anti-doping strategies based on sports characteristics.

A Meta-Analysis of Attitudes toward Doping among Korean Athletes

“…The gender differences in the PEAS scores between Korean and International studies can be understood in the viewpoint that athletes' attitudes toward doping and potential doping behaviors are influenced by various factors such as the diversity of the sporting environment in each country, participation rates, and competitive structures related to performance [29]. If it is accepted, it is plausible to explain that various environmental and contextual factors may affect attitudes toward doping, such as the increasing performance of female athletes in various sports and the intensification of competition [30,31]. In a previous meta-analysis of literature from various countries, male athletes had a PEAS mean score of 40.84 and female athletes had a PEAS mean score of 39.65, indicating that male athletes were more tolerant of doping [10].…”

“…In an environment of winning and record-breaking, athletes who want to exceed their physical capabilities are easily tempted to dope, rationalize that doping is necessary, and develop a tolerant attitude toward doping [30]. From a psychosocial perspective, lenient attitudes toward doping are considered to be associated with a higher likelihood of using banned substances [13].…”

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Burnout Owing to Perfectionism in Elite Athletes Based on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ)

“…Kim (2016) [28] (Individual, team) 164 male athletes from one university in Korea Correlation (r) MPS [5] MBI [22] Article Zhang (2021) [27] (Individual) 676 male and female tennis players aged 19 and above in Korea and China Correlation (r) MPS [5] ABQ [22] Dissertation Oh (2020) [37] (Individual) 268 male and female athletes registered in the Boxing Association of Korea in 2019 Correlation (r) MPS [5] ABQ [17] Dissertation Lee (2020) [38] (Individual) 302 male and female dancers in Korea Correlation (r) MPS [5] ABQ [17] Dissertation…”

“…For example, Ho et al [23] and Aghdasi [24], who used the MPS and ABQ, found negative results in the relationship between SOP and burnout; conversely, positive results were found in the relationship between SPP and burnout. Regarding OOP, which is the third factor of the MPS, Olsson et al [25] and Park [26] found a positive relationship between OOP and burnout, whereas Zhang [27] and Kim et al [28] found negative relationships, indicating that the results vary greatly among studies.…”

“…Forest plot of the total data.Figure 2. Forest plot of the total data[12,[23][24][25]27,28,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”