Analysis of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Maluf, Fauze; Feder, David; Carvalho, Alzira Alves de Siqueira

doi:10.1155/2019/4951379

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 175 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…Then, the higher prevalence of COVID-19 in our PD population do not seems to be associated with one of the main risk factor for COVID-19. Considering the relation between diabetes and PD, conflicting data are available, indeed several studies suggest that diabetes increases the risk of developing PD, but other supported an inverse association or the lack of association [ 23 ]. So it is not clear if there is a possible relation between prevalence of COVID-19 in PD and diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and impact of COVID-19 in Parkinson’s disease: evidence from a multi-center survey in Tuscany region

et al. 2020

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Background If Parkinson's Disease (PD) may represent a risk factor for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is debated and there are few data on the direct and indirect effects of this pandemic in PD patients. Objective In the current study we evaluated the prevalence, mortality and case-fatality of COVID-19 in a PD cohort, also exploring possible risk factors. We also aimed to investigate the effect of lockdown on motor/non-motor symptoms in PD patients as well as their acceptability/accessibility to telemedicine. Method A case-controlled survey about COVID-19 and other clinical features in PD patients living in Tuscany was conducted. In non-COVID-19 PD patients motor/non-motor symptoms subjective worsening during the lockdown as well as feasibility of telemedicine were explored. Results Out of 740 PD patients interviewed, 7 (0.9%) were affected by COVID-19, with 0.13% mortality and 14% casefatality. COVID-19 PD patients presented a higher presence of hypertension (p < 0.001) and diabetes (p = 0.049) compared to non-COVID-19. In non-COVID-19 PD population (n = 733) about 70% did not experience a subjective worsening of motor symptoms or mood, anxiety or insomnia. In our population 75.2% of patients was favorable to use technology to perform scheduled visits, however facilities for telemedicine were available only for 51.2% of cases. Conclusion A higher prevalence of COVID-19 respect to prevalence in Tuscany and Italy was found in the PD population. Hypertension and diabetes, as for general population, were identified as risk factors for COVID-19 in PD. PD patients did not experience a subjective worsening of symptoms during lockdown period and they were also favorable to telemedicine, albeit we reported a reduced availability to perform it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and impact of COVID-19 in Parkinson’s disease: evidence from a multi-center survey in Tuscany region

et al. 2020

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“…In 1917, James Parkinson wrote the first clear medical description of the PD. Approximately 1% of people aged over 65 years are affected, which increases to 4-5% among people above 85 years [1]. The primary etiology of PD cases is idiopathic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: Shared Pathophysiological Links and Possible Therapeutic Implications

Hassan¹,

Kandel²,

Mishra³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common chronic metabolic disease. Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. There are many similarities between both conditions. Both disorders are chronic diseases. Both diseases result from a decrease in a specific substance: dopamine in PD, and insulin in DM. Besides, both disorders arise due to the destruction of particular cells, dopaminergic cells in PD, and pancreatic beta-cell in DM. Recently, many epidemiological and experimental studies showed a connection between DM and PD. There are common underlying mechanisms in the pathophysiology of both diseases. These underlying mechanisms include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and inflammation. Insulin resistance is indeed the hallmark of DM, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which plays a significant role in these pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms. Besides, many studies revealed that antidiabetic drugs have a beneficial effect on PD. In this current literature review, we aim to explore the standard pathophysiological and molecular linkages between these two disorders as well as how DM could affect the incidence and progression of PD. We also review how anti-diabetic drugs impact PD. In the future, further experimental and expanded clinical studies are needed to fully understand the exact pathophysiological connections between the two disorders and the efficacy of insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs in the treatment of PD in diabetic patients. Fully understanding and targeting these pathophysiological and molecular links could result in de novo curative therapy for PD and DM.

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“…Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between PD and T2D [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 302 ]. T2D is a negative prognostic factor associated with faster motor progression and cognitive decline in PD.…”

Section: The α -Synuclein Link Between Parkinsomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data for PD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggest that a number of insults occurring early in life may lead or contribute to both diseases [ 34 ]. Furthermore, strong epidemiological evidence suggests a link between PD and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Milk-Derived Exosomes and Galactose on α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melnik

2021

IJMS

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Epidemiological studies associate milk consumption with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). PD is an α-synucleinopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, deficient lysosomal clearance of α-synuclein (α-syn) and aggregation of misfolded α-syn. In T2D, α-syn promotes co-aggregation with islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic β-cells. Prion-like vagal nerve-mediated propagation of exosomal α-syn from the gut to the brain and pancreatic islets apparently link both pathologies. Exosomes are critical transmitters of α-syn from cell to cell especially under conditions of compromised autophagy. This review provides translational evidence that milk exosomes (MEX) disturb α-syn homeostasis. MEX are taken up by intestinal epithelial cells and accumulate in the brain after oral administration to mice. The potential uptake of MEX miRNA-148a and miRNA-21 by enteroendocrine cells in the gut, dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and pancreatic β-cells may enhance miRNA-148a/DNMT1-dependent overexpression of α-syn and impair miRNA-148a/PPARGC1A- and miRNA-21/LAMP2A-dependent autophagy driving both diseases. MiRNA-148a- and galactose-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress activate c-Abl-mediated aggregation of α-syn which is exported by exosome release. Via the vagal nerve and/or systemic exosomes, toxic α-syn may spread to dopaminergic neurons and pancreatic β-cells linking the pathogenesis of PD and T2D.

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Analysis of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 175 publications

Prevalence and impact of COVID-19 in Parkinson’s disease: evidence from a multi-center survey in Tuscany region

Prevalence and impact of COVID-19 in Parkinson’s disease: evidence from a multi-center survey in Tuscany region

Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: Shared Pathophysiological Links and Possible Therapeutic Implications

Synergistic Effects of Milk-Derived Exosomes and Galactose on α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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