Analysis of the Regression and Correlation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Exports and Revenue (GDP) of Indonesia against Rupiah Exchange Rate (IDR - USD)

Siregar, Dodi; Alhempi, Raden Rudi

doi:10.4172/2375-4389.1000320

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…We used segmented linear regression [described in Appendix 4 and ( 25 – 27 )] to investigate the impact of public health orders on the three variables. We used Pearson correlation [summarized in Appendix 5 and described in detail in ( 28 – 31 )] to assess the instantaneous relationship between contact rates and R t . Finally, we used vector autoregressive (VAR) models [described in Appendix 6 and in ( 32 – 35 )] to quantify lagged associations between contact rates, new cases and R t .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Contacts and Transmission of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

Ringa

Iyaniwura

David

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundClose-contact rates are thought to be a driving force behind the transmission of many infectious respiratory diseases. Yet, contact rates and their relation to transmission and the impact of control measures, are seldom quantified. We quantify the response of contact rates, reported cases and transmission of COVID-19, to public health contact-restriction orders, and examine the associations among these three variables in the province of British Columbia, Canada.MethodsWe derived time series data for contact rates, daily cases and transmission of COVID-19 from a social contacts survey, reported case counts and by fitting a transmission model to reported cases, respectively. We used segmented regression to investigate impacts of public health orders; Pearson correlation to determine associations between contact rates and transmission; and vector autoregressive modeling to quantify lagged associations between contacts rates, daily cases, and transmission.ResultsDeclines in contact rates and transmission occurred concurrently with the announcement of public health orders, whereas declines in cases showed a reporting delay of about 2 weeks. Contact rates were a significant driver of COVID-19 and explained roughly 19 and 20% of the variation in new cases and transmission, respectively. Interestingly, increases in COVID-19 transmission and cases were followed by reduced contact rates: overall, daily cases explained about 10% of the variation in subsequent contact rates.ConclusionWe showed that close-contact rates were a significant time-series driver of transmission and ultimately of reported cases of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada and that they varied in response to public health orders. Our results also suggest possible behavioral feedback, by which increased reported cases lead to reduced subsequent contact rates. Our findings help to explain and validate the commonly assumed, but rarely measured, response of close contact rates to public health guidelines and their impact on the dynamics of infectious diseases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Contacts and Transmission of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

Ringa

Iyaniwura

David

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Eric et al (2019) used multiple regression model to analyze the impact of export and trade liberalisation on GDP and realized that export and trade liberalisation have positive impact on GDP. Siregar and Alhempi (2018) employed multiple regression model to examine the effect of export and GDP on currency rate and observed that currency rate is positively influenced by export and GDP. Hossain (2012) stated that the GDP growth of Bangladesh is increasing but it does not ensure poverty reduction unless it is equitably distributed and Population growth also contributing poverty and as such poverty equity and GDP triangle must be synergistically designed with population, education and environment.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Impact of Economic Factors to the Gross Domestic Product in Bangladesh

Hasan

Hossain

Sayem

2022

IJEFI

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is believed to be an indicator of a country’s economic condition. Bangladesh’s GDP increased at a pace of 8.15% in fiscal 2018-19 as per the base year 2005-06. By the year 2019, Bangladesh has become the seventh fastest-growing economy in the world. This paper used multiple regression analysis model for the macroeconomic factors. The aim of this study is to measure the effects of macroeconomic factors considering GDP as the dependent variables and inflation rate, import, and export are considered as independent. This paper represents that import and export are positively associated factors with GDP whereas inflation rate is a negatively associated factor. This study concluded with revealing the importance of conducting further study by considering more economic variables to measure the economic growth as a whole.

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“…Correlation analysis is a statistical method for determining the strength of association between two variables. The relationship between the variables is defined by a correlation coefficient Corr , which varies between -1 and +1, such that -1 indicates strong negative association while +1 indicates strong positive correlation between the variables [36, 32, 34, 35]. The correlation coefficient of Person correlation of two variables x and z is given by where m x and m z are means of x and z , respectively [35].…”

Section: Segmented Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where m x and m z are means of x and z, respectively [35]. In this paper, x and z represent vectors of time series data with equal lengths.…”

Section: B Pearson Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social contacts and transmission of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

Ringa

Otterstatter

Iyaniwura

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Close-contact rates are thought to be a significant driving force behind the dynamics of transmission for many infectious respiratory diseases. Efforts to control such infections typically focus on the practice of strict contact-avoidance measures. Yet, contact rates and their relation to transmission, and the impact of control measures, are seldom quantified. Here, we quantify the response of contact rates, transmission and new cases of COVID-19 to public health contact-restriction orders, and the associations among these three variables, in the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) and within its two most densely populated regional health authorities: Fraser Health Authority (FHA) and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (VCHA). We obtained time series for self-reported close-contact rates from the BC Mix COVID-19 Survey, new reported cases of COVID-19 from the BC Center for Disease Control, and transmission rates based on dynamic model fits to reported cases. Our study period was from September 13, 2020 to February 19, 2021, during which three public health contact-restriction orders were introduced (October 26, November 7 and November 19, 2020). We used segmented linear regression to quantify impacts of public health orders, Pearson correlation to assess the instantaneous relation between contact rates and transmission, and vector autoregressive modeling to study the lagged relations among the three variables. Overall, declines in contact rates and transmission occurred concurrently with the announcement of public health orders, whereas declines in new cases showed a reporting delay of roughly two weeks. The impact of the first public health order (October 26, 2020) on contact rates and transmission was more pronounced than that of the other two health orders. Contact rates and transmission on the same day were strongly correlated (correlation coefficients = 0.64, 0.53 and 0.34 for BC, FHA, and VCHA, respectively). Moreover, contact rates were a significant time-series driver of COVID-19 and explained roughly 30% and 18% of the variation in new cases and transmission, respectively. Interestingly, increases in transmission and new cases were followed by reduced rates of contact: overall, average daily cases explained about 10% of the variation in provincial contact rates. We show that close-contact rates were a significant driver of transmission of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada and that they varied in response to public health orders. Our results also suggest a possible feedback, by which contact rates respond to recent changes in reported cases. Our findings help to explain and validate the commonly assumed, but rarely measured, response of close contact rates to public health guidelines and their impact on the dynamics of infectious diseases.

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Analysis of the Regression and Correlation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Exports and Revenue (GDP) of Indonesia against Rupiah Exchange Rate (IDR - USD)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Social Contacts and Transmission of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

Social Contacts and Transmission of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

Determining the Impact of Economic Factors to the Gross Domestic Product in Bangladesh

Social contacts and transmission of COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

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