Analysis of the Personality Structure of 26 Actual Suicides

Simon, Werner; Gilberstadt, Harold

doi:10.1097/00005053-195812000-00010

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The abilities of each of the Clopton-Jones (1975), Farberow-Devries (1967), and Simon-Gilberstadt (1958) items to distinguish our suicides from our controls also were studied separately. None of the 12 Clopton-Jones items significantly differentiated our suicides from controls, either in our all-pairs or valid-pairs analyses, even at the .I0 level.…”

Section: Individual Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reviewing the eight studies of this type that are know t o us (Clopton & Jones, 1975;Farberow, 1950;Foster, 1975;Leonard, 1977;Ravensborg & Foss, 1969;Rosen, Hales, & Simon, 1954;Sendbuehler, Kincel, Nemeth, & Oertel, 1979;Simon & Gilberstadt, 1958), we found that 1 1 of the 13 standard M M P I scales-all but Lie and Hypomania-have been implicated as positive or negative suicide indicators. Three types of M M P I suicide-prediction research have appeared.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Some (Clopton & Jones, 1975;Simon & Gilberstadt, 1958) yielded essentially negative results, but Farberow and Devries (1967) have published a set of items more frequently endorsed by suicide threateners than by controls. Some (Clopton & Jones, 1975;Simon & Gilberstadt, 1958) yielded essentially negative results, but Farberow and Devries (1967) have published a set of items more frequently endorsed by suicide threateners than by controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Suicide and the MMPI: A cross-validation of predictors

et al. 1984

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Compared a suicide-completion group to a psychiatric control sample on the 13 traditional MMPI scales, three experimental item pools, and eight profile patterns earlier described as indicative of suicidal tendencies ( N = 84). Also compared the frequencies with which the groups endorsed each of the 566 MMPI items. The number of resulting significant differences was less than chance. The results argue against the use of the MMPI to predict suicide at this time.

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Section: Individual Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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Suicide and the MMPI: A cross-validation of predictors

et al. 1984

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“…The authors concluded that the MMPI appeared to have marginal value as a predictor of suicide, whether immediate or remote. Simon and Gilberstadt (1958) also compared MMPI profiles among male VA patients. They compared 26 men (mean age = 36.7) who completed suicide sometime following admission to a VA hospital to a previously studied groups of ideators, attempters, and matched controls.…”

Section: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Mmpi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Objective Personality Inventories in Suicide Risk Assessment: An Evaluation and Proposal

Johnson,

Lall,

Bongar

et al. 1999

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Objective personality assessment instruments offer a comparatively underutilized source of clinical data in attempts to evaluate and predict risk for suicide. In contrast to focal suicide risk measures, global personality inventories may be useful in identification of long‐standing styles that predispose persons to eventual suicidal behavior. This article reviews the empirical literature regarding the efficacy of established personality inventories in predicting suicidality. The authors offer several recommendations for future research with these measures and conclude that such objective personality instruments offer only marginal utility as sources of clinical information in comprehensive suicide risk evaluations. Personality inventories may offer greatest utility in long‐term assessment of suicide risk.

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“…All the studies reviewed here (except one) used significance levels ( a ) of .05 or less on which to reject the null hypothesis. Only one study (34) based a conclusion on the .10 level of significance. It is our contention that less stringent significance levels should be considered in s~lch research due to the rather high probability of the Type I1 error ( P ) with small Ns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Suicide Research and Non-Rejection of the Null Hypothesis

Neuringer

Kolstoe

1966

Percept Mot Skills

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Research results on suicide have been scanty and inconsistent. Because of the peculiar conditions (paucity of Ss, variability of research materials, and selection of treatment conditions) found in suicide research, it is felt that the Type 11 error (failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false) is probably committed too often. It is suggested chat less stringent significance levels should be accepted, as this might facilitate identification of new variables.There has been an increasing research interesc in s~~i c i d e in the last decade and a half, with many investigations using suicide notes, personality and projective inventory measures, as well as problem-solving techniques. However, adequate description, identification and prediction of suicidal ideation or behavior is, as yet, not feasible because of sparse and inconsistent research findings.There are several reasons for these difficulties, chief among them being the scarcity of cases. Stengel and Cook ( 3 6 ) have likened the problem facing the suicide investigator co that of the pathologist trying to establish the cause of death without access to the corpse. The paucity o f cases raises some very difficult problems. T o overcome this deficiency several methods have been used: analysis of residuals such as suicide notes, diaries, psychological tests administered before the death, social histories, and the memories of friends and relatives, and smdy of live Ss as substitutes for suicidal persons. None of these seems adequate from a methodological standpoint. Rosen ( 2 7 ) , commencing on the observation that suicide is a highly infrequent event, has expressed doubts about the feasibility of predicting suicidal behaviors from current assessment techniques.T h e authors reviewed the available literamre on suicide in which comparative statistics were reported (1, 8 ) . The authors suspect that there have been more such studies, but they have not been made public because of non-significant results. T h e sample size in these scudies range from 3 ( 3 2 ) to 948 ( 3 3 ) . The largest N s are found in studies of suicide notes, for usually chese have accumulated over several decades, frequently in the files of medical examiners and coroners. The next largest N s are for studies using MMPI test protocols. Again, for this popular test protocols accumulate in the files of neuropsychiatric hospitals and clinics. The very small N s occur in studies dealing with projective tests or when some novel approach is used. Projective data are quite limited and swapping occurs fairly often ( 4 , 7, 3 2 ) . In other research Ns are 3 to 30 depending upon whether committed or attempted suicide is studied. As small N s diminish the probability that the nil11 hypothesis will be re-

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Analysis of the Personality Structure of 26 Actual Suicides

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Suicide and the MMPI: A cross-validation of predictors

Suicide and the MMPI: A cross-validation of predictors

The Role of Objective Personality Inventories in Suicide Risk Assessment: An Evaluation and Proposal

Suicide Research and Non-Rejection of the Null Hypothesis

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