Analysis of the performance of induction watthour meters in the presence of harmonics (a new model approach)

Chou, Chih‐Ju; Liu, Chun-Chang

doi:10.1016/0378-7796(94)00897-d

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some developed works [9][10][11][12][13] show that both electromechanical and electronic meters are affected by voltage and current distortions. Thus, the electric energy meters designed to work on linear systems may affect the trade between the utility and the consumers.…”

Section: Measurement and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They present the measured values at the PCC. Table III shows the values for Fundamental Power Factor ( ); Power Factor ( ); Fundamental Active Power ( ); and Total Active Power ( ), representing the instantaneous power's average value given by (7) and for Active Power Absorbed by the Consumer ( ), calculated in (12). For a more detailed comparison, the percentage difference between the active powers presented must be calculated.…”

Section: Computational Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demand Charge Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions

Sousa¹,

Silva

Silveira³

et al. 2012

REPQJ

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This paper aims to present a new point of view about the demand (active power) measured at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) between the utility and the consumer when harmonic distortions are involved. The active power from distorted voltage and distorted current has harmonic components besides the fundamental component. Depending on the origin of the harmonic distortions, the active power due to this sum can result in higher or lower values in comparison to the fundamental component value. Such difference results in a higher or lower energy and demand billing and consequently, higher costs for the consumer or losses for the electric utility. Besides the financial issue, the one in disadvantage deals with the harmful effects of the harmonics generated by the other. Using theoretical analysis and computational simulations, the influence of the distortions from the electric utility or from the consumer are evaluated and compared.

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Section: Measurement and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computational Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Charge Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions

Sousa¹,

Silva

Silveira³

et al. 2012

REPQJ

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“…Testing of electricity meters in the presence of conducted electromagnetic disturbances mimicking realistic grid and load conditions is important before meters enter the market, which is for instance regulated in Europe by means of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) directive [1] or the measuring instruments directive [2]. Extensive research has been performed in the past for instance analyzing the effect of harmonics on the reading errors of induction watthour meter [3], identifying potential billing inequities in the presence of harmonic pollution due to different measuring methods implemented in revenue meters [4], proposing an optimal-design-of-experiment methodology to reduce the number of possible tests with nonsinusoidal waveforms [5], and developing a test procedure with randomly generated test waveforms [6]. Such research is important input to improve standards for electricity meter testing worldwide [7] or with specific requirements for Europe [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms

Brom

Leeuwen

Marais

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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In 2015, the energy measurement of some static electricity meters was found to be sensitive to specific conducted electromagnetic disturbances with very fast current changes caused by highly nonlinear loads, leading to meter errors up to several hundred percent. This article describes new results on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of 16 different meters from all over Europe when exposed to real-world disturbance signals. Those test signals were obtained from household appliances and onsite measurements at metered supply points all over Europe. The results show that also the interference signals recorded onsite can cause measurement errors as large as several hundred percent, even for meters that pass the present EMC standards. This unambiguously demonstrates that the present immunity testing standards do not cover the most disturbing conducted interference occurring in present daily-life situations due to the increased use of nonlinear electronics. Furthermore, to enable the adoption of potential new test waveforms in future standards for electricity meter testing, artificial test waveforms were constructed based on real-world waveforms using a piece-wise linear model. These artificial test waveforms were demonstrated to cause meter errors similar to those caused by the original real-life waveforms they are representing, showing that they are suitable candidates for use in improved standardization of electricity meter testing.

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“…Assim, na presença de harmônicas, os resultados das medidas dependem do projeto específico de cada medidor [32]. As referências [33], [34], [35], [36] e [37] mostram que os dois tipos de instrumentos são afetados por distorções de tensão e corrente. Consequentemente, os valores indicados por medidores dependem exclusivamente da técnica empregada pelos respectivos fabricantes.…”

Section: Cálculo Da Potência Ativaunclassified

Reflexões sobre as teorias de potência elétrica em regime não senoidal

Lima¹

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Ao professor Antônio Carlos Delaiba pelo incentivo, motivação e orientação deste trabalho. Aos professor. Sérgio Ferreira de Paula Silva pela orientação, dedicação e tempo essenciais para execução deste trabalho À minha família, pelo incentivo e compreensão. ResumoO desenvolvimento de uma teoria sobre o comportamento da potência elétrica na presença de harmônicas é um tema abrangente e complexo. As primeiras pesquisas na área datam de 1927 e 1932 e, até o presente momento, não há um consenso.A importância deste tema está em compreender o funcionamento da transferência de energia em um circuito elétrico uma vez que as definições clássicas de potência elétrica, apresentadas nos livros-texto do ciclo básico de engenharia, não retratam de forma fidedigna as interações dos fluxos de energia em redes cujos sinais estão distorcidos, situação típica dos sistemas elétricos atuais.Neste contexto, a maior controvérsia está na qualificação e quantificação da Potência Reativa. Assim, esta dissertação visa contribuir aos estudos em regimes não senoidais com enfoque nas definições de potência elétrica, tecendo comentários sobre a potência ativa e dando especial atenção a potência reativa e suas implicações.

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Analysis of the performance of induction watthour meters in the presence of harmonics (a new model approach)

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Demand Charge Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions

Demand Charge Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions

EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms

Reflexões sobre as teorias de potência elétrica em regime não senoidal

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