A catalytic sequence motif PDX 10À30 (E/D)XK is found in many restriction enzymes. On the basis of sequence similarities and mapping of the conserved residues to the crystal structure of NgoMIV we suggest that residues D160, K182, R186, R188 and E195 contribute to the catalytic/DNA binding site of the Ecl18kI restriction endonuclease. Mutational analysis confirms the functional significance of the conserved residues of Ecl18kI. Therefore, we conclude that the active site motif 159 VDX 21 KX 12 E of Ecl18kI differs from the canonical PDX 10À30 (E/D)XK motif characteristic for most of the restriction enzymes. Moreover, we propose that two subfamilies of endonucleases Ecl18kI/PspGI/EcoRII and Cfr10I/Bse634I/Ngo-MIV, specific, respectively, for CCNGG/CCWGG and RCCGGY/GCCGGC sites, share conserved active site architecture and DNA binding elements. ß