Analysis of the North American Breeding Bird Survey Using Hierarchical Models

Sauer, John R.; Link, William A.

doi:10.1525/auk.2010.09220

Cited by 250 publications

(364 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The BBS measures an index of adult abundance during the breeding season, and BBS trends are calculated from the ratio of annual indices for the first and last years of the interval of interest (Sauer et al 2017a). Results were generated from online analysis tools and are based on hierarchical models for population change, as described by Sauer and Link (2011). The BBS online tools analyze Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata) and Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) only at the species level, but nearly all of the individuals present in our region during the breeding season represent the easily diagnosable Audubon's Yellow-rumped Warbler (S. c. auduboni) and Oregon Dark-eyed Junco (J. h. oreganus) subspecies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forty-five Years and Counting: Reflections from the Palomarin Field Station on the Contribution of Long-Term Monitoring and Recommendations for the Future

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Populations of many landbirds are declining throughout North America (Robbins et al 1989, Pyle et al 1994, Ballard et al 2003, Sauer and Link 2011, Sauer et al 2013, Ralston et al 2015. The population index for birds of Western forest habitats, based on 39 obligate breeding species, has declined nearly 20% since 1968 (NABCI 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forty-five Years and Counting: Reflections from the Palomarin Field Station on the Contribution of Long-Term Monitoring and Recommendations for the Future

et al. 2011

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“…We repeated this 100 times for each combination of species, survey type (roadside versus off-road), and sample size. We calculated the trend from the simulated data using a simplified version of the route-regression technique Martin 1994, Sauer andLink 2011) where a single route included 50 sampling locations. However, we defined a route as a cluster of observations rather than contiguous survey locations which allowed us to make the comparison between BBS and BAM.…”

Section: Power To Detect Trends In Avian Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates of avian population trend (Sauer and Link 2011) and population size (Rich et al 2004, Rosenberg andBlancher 2005) from the roadside North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) have become cornerstones for identifying conservation priorities and setting numerical population goals for landbird species across North America (Rich et al 2004, Berlanga et al 2010. Two important assumptions of these analyses are (1) that the BBS samples avian habitats in proportion to their availability across the broader landscape and (2) that roadside counts of birds are equivalent to counts of bird populations in roadless areas (Rosenberg and Blancher 2005, Thogmartin et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the value of imperfect science from national estimates of bird mortality from window collisions

Machtans¹,

Thogmartin

2014

The Condor

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Executive Summary.-The Boreal Avian Modelling (BAM) team examined avian survey point count data collected from across the boreal forest region of Canada to quantify roadside bias in both survey coverage and survey counts by the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), the most important monitoring survey for a wide suite of bird species in the boreal. We compared data from the BBS to data from off-road surveys compiled by the Boreal Avian Modelling Project (BAM) to (1) determine whether gaps in survey coverage by the BBS might be covered by off-road surveys in the region, (2) test for roadside bias in survey counts by comparing data between roadside and off-road surveys, and (3) determine whether the statistical power to detect trends was similar between roadside and off-road surveys given comparable survey effort.• Survey coverage by the BBS was strongly biased toward sampling southern ecozones which make up 49% of the boreal but received 89% of the BBS surveys. Thus, the ecozones in the northern half of the boreal collectively comprise one of the largest gaps in survey coverage in North America; poorly sampled habitats across the boreal included conifer forests and woodlands, tundra-and lichen-dominated areas, wetlands, and areas with recent burns.• The patterns of proportional survey coverage by the BBS, in terms of geographic and habitat strata, mirrored the distribution of the road network and the sampling of off-road areas by BAM.Thus the BBS appears to (1) sample geographic areas and habitats in proportion to their availability along the road network and (2) draw from the same sampling frame as the off-road surveys included in BAM (i.e., the road network).• Opportunities exist to address some of the geographic sampling gaps in the northern boreal in areas serviced by existing roads. We identified 380 areas in the northern boreal with ≥30 km of road network, but with no prior surveys. These areas should be evaluated for future roadside surveys aimed at closing the large continental gap in avian survey coverage. However, complete coverage of sampling gaps will likely require a coordinated, national approach to off-road surveys in the northern boreal. 2• We found significant differences in survey counts for 79% of 85 species between roadside and off-road surveys (roadside bias). Positive roadside bias was more than twice the magnitude of negative roadside bias both in terms of number of species and average effect size. These results are similar to those from small-scale studies in the temperate zone. Extrapolating roadside results to off-road areas may overestimate population sizes for those species that exhibit positive roadside biases.• Although we controlled for habitat type at the point count location, our results indicated that (1) species showing positive roadside bias are often associated with agricultural areas, clearings, shrub habitats, habitat edges, or human structures and (2) species showing negative bias tend to be associated with mature forests or forest interiors. Controlling for additiona...

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Isotopic analysis reveals landscape patterns in the diet of a subsidized predator, the common raven

Harju¹,

Olson²,

Hess³

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Anthropogenic subsidies to native predators can have cascading effects on sensitive prey populations, but the spatial mechanisms behind these effects are often unknown.2. We used a stable isotope mixing model to reconstruct spatially naïve assimilated diets of common raven (Corvus corax) chicks and then used regression analysis to investigate landscape patterns in assimilated chick diet, with particular respect to the eggs and chicks of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus).3. Assimilated raven diets were primarily composed of mammal carrion, followed by anthropogenic food and sage-grouse eggs and chicks. 4. Raven diets showed landscape gradients, whereby raven chicks in nests near active greater sage-grouse breeding leks consumed a higher proportion of sage-grouse eggs, sage-grouse chicks and insects in their diet and less mammal carrion. A majority of raven nests on anthropogenic nesting structures (78.7%) were within 5 km of the nearest sage-grouse lek. Ravens nesting in high-probability greater sage-grouse nesting habitat consumed more insects and plants and less mammal carrion.5. In landscapes devoid of natural raven nesting substrates, such as our study area, anthropogenic nesting substrates can 'anchor' breeding ravens nearer to greater sage-grouse leks, with concomitant increases in raven predation on greater sagegrouse nests. Curtailment of anthropogenic nesting substrates within 5 km of a sage-grouse lek may have a disproportionately positive impact on sage-grouse populations. More generally, these findings highlight that the spatial arrangement of anthropogenic subsidies can result in indirect interactions between humans and predators with direct implications for predators and prey.

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Analysis of the North American Breeding Bird Survey Using Hierarchical Models

Cited by 250 publications

References 15 publications

Forty-five Years and Counting: Reflections from the Palomarin Field Station on the Contribution of Long-Term Monitoring and Recommendations for the Future

Forty-five Years and Counting: Reflections from the Palomarin Field Station on the Contribution of Long-Term Monitoring and Recommendations for the Future

Understanding the value of imperfect science from national estimates of bird mortality from window collisions

Isotopic analysis reveals landscape patterns in the diet of a subsidized predator, the common raven

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