Analysis of the Network of Protected Areas in China Based on a Geographic Perspective: Current Status, Issues and Integration

Cao, Mingtao; Li, Peng; Xu, Dingde

doi:10.3390/su71115617

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The area covered by nature reserves in Inner Mongolia was 11.7%, substantially below the Chinese national (14.9%) and global average (13%) [7,40]. Some areas, for example, Central America (28.2%) and South America (25.0%) have much higher protected lands than China [41].…”

Section: Protected Areas and Human Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the first nature reserve of China, Dinghu Mountain National Reserve, was established in 1956. And the number of nature reserves in China has rapidly increased since 1982 [7]. This has also occurred globally.…”

Section: Changes In Nature Reserves Of Inner Mongoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although Cao et al [9] analyzed the challenges facing the protected area network in China, there have been few studies that have investigated the distribution and status of nature reserves in Inner Mongolia despite their biodiversity importance [7,16]. In this paper, we investigate the status of nature reserves based on different vegetation types in Inner Mongolia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Protected areas (PAs), defined as areas of land/or sea especially dedicated to protect and maintain biological diversity, natural and associated cultural resources [6,7], are considered as one of the most powerful and efficient tools to safeguard nature [8,9]. They play an important role in mitigating the negative effects of external pressures on biodiversity [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The country had established 2669 nature reserves by 2012, which represented 14.9% of its terrestrial area [7,17]. However, these reserves are unevenly distributed, with most areas located in the southwest regions, while Eastern China is the least protected [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Nature Reserves in Inner Mongolia, China

Feng

Zhang

2016

Sustainability

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Nature reserves are an important component of the strategy to halt biodiversity loss caused by habitat fragmentation and loss, climate change and other anthropogenic factors. In the past decades, 184 nature reserves were designed for biodiversity conservation in Inner Mongolia. However, no studies have quantified the general condition of these reserves. In this paper, we summarized the history, distribution and effects of human interference on these reserves in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: (1) The total area of nature reserves is 138,047 km 2 in Inner Mongolia. This constitutes 11.7% of its geographic area, which is lower than the national (14.9%), and the global average (13%). These reserves are mainly forest (68) and inland wetland (31) ecosystems. However, in terms of area, desert (40,948 km 2 ), forest (26,141 km 2 ) and inland wetland ecosystems (25,540 km 2 ) are predominant; (2) nature reserves have increased rapidly in number and area since 1995, especially at the province, city, and county levels; (3) the evergreen coniferous (26.4%), wetland (20.2%) and deciduous needle-leaf forests (19.6%) were sufficiently protected according to the 2020 target of 17% set by the Convention on Biological Diversity, while the other eight natural vegetation types, i.e., evergreen broad-leaved forests (14.2%), shrubs (13.5%), meadow vegetation (12.5%), typical steppe (10.2%), open forests (8.9%), desert vegetation (6.2%), desert steppe (2.9%), and sand vegetation (1.6%) were insufficiently protected; (4) the effects of human activities on these vegetation types were different. Open forest, sand vegetation, shrub, typical steppe, meadow steppe, evergreen broad-leaved, and evergreen coniferous forest were more affected than other vegetation types. Our results indicated that a more scientific approach is needed to effectively manage nature reserves in Inner Mongolia.

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Section: Protected Areas and Human Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Nature Reserves Of Inner Mongoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Status of Nature Reserves in Inner Mongolia, China

Feng

Zhang

2016

Sustainability

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A new conservation strategy for China—A model starting with primates

Pan

Oxnard

Grueter

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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Although the evolutionary history of primates in China dates to the Eocene, and includes major radiations of lorisids, hominoids, cercopithecines, and colobines during the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene, extensive human-induced habitat change and deforestation over the past few centuries has resulted in 22 of 25 extant species listed as threatened or endangered, and two species of gibbons extirpated in the last few years. This commentary briefly reviews factors that have contributed to the decline of primates in China over the past 400 years, and in particular how major social events and economic development in modern China have resulted in unsustainable environmental change. In response, we describe our efforts to develop a strategic scientific, educational and conservation partnership in China, focusing on primates, in which GIS technology will be used to integrate geographical profiles, climatic information, and changes in land use patterns and human and nonhuman primate distributions to highlight issues of immediate concern and to develop priority-based conservation solutions. Our goal is to evaluate how human-induced environmental change has impacted primates over time and to predict the likelihood of primate population extinctions in the near future. This model represents an early warning system that will be widely available to the Chinese government, public, educational institutions, researchers, and NGOs through social media and educational videos in order to arouse public awareness and promote wildlife conservation. We encourage colleagues across a broad range of academic disciplines, political ideologies, and the public to help move this strategy into reality, the sooner the better. Am. J. Primatol. 78:1137-1148, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Will natura 2000 european network of protected areas support conservation of Southwestern Alps endemic flora under future climate?

et al. 2023

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Networks of protected areas (PAs) are globally recognized as playing a key role for in situ conservation of species. Despite a high potential for biodiversity conservation, PAs may not mitigate the current biodiversity loss because they do not consider climate change impact. In fact, because PAs have static geographical boundaries, they may hardly keep pace with dynamics in species distribution caused by the climate change, which was not considered when they were designed. In this study, we used species distribution modelling of 85 plant taxa endemic or subendemic to Southwestern Alps to evaluate the effectiveness of PAs network in protecting endemics under future climate change scenarios. PAs cover roughly the 30% of the Southwestern Alps. PAs will harbour more expected distribution range of taxa in the future than today, probably because they occur in high altitude areas rich in endemics that have been climatically stable areas in the past and that will likely remain relatively climatically buffered in the future. Moreover, PAs are distributed to poorly cover expected range of endemics at low and middle elevation, which are threatened by urbanization and climate change. We recommend additional protection at low and middle elevation, considering the future climatic suitability of species.

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Analysis of the Network of Protected Areas in China Based on a Geographic Perspective: Current Status, Issues and Integration

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Status of Nature Reserves in Inner Mongolia, China

Status of Nature Reserves in Inner Mongolia, China

A new conservation strategy for China—A model starting with primates

Will natura 2000 european network of protected areas support conservation of Southwestern Alps endemic flora under future climate?

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