“…Therefore, university rankings, as a means of assessing and evaluating universities from a market perspective, hold a crucial position in higher education evaluation policies (Ma, 2022). Quality education and lifelong learning opportunities are crucial to guaranteeing a life of abundance and sustainable progress for everyone (Berlian, Setya, 2023) By offering a comparative view based on factors such as academic reputation, faculty expertise, research output, and facilities, university rankings aid prospective students, families, and educators in evaluating institutions for pursuing desired courses or degrees, thus playing a critical role in making well-informed decisions about higher education options.…”