Analysis of the Molecular Dialogue Between Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) and Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Reveals a Clear Shift in Defense Mechanisms During Berry Ripening

Abstract

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The botrydial biosynthetic gene cluster of Botrytis cinerea displays a bipartite genomic structure and is positively regulated by the putative Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor BcBot6

“…The cellular target of BOT remains unknown but the recent work of Rossi et al (2011) on Arabidopsis thaliana suggests that BOT induces the hypersensitive response through the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways, thereby acting as an effector of plant cell death. This biological activity fits with the available transcriptomic data: the BOT gene cluster is up-regulated during infection of different hosts including A. thaliana and Vitis vinifera (Gioti et al, 2006;Kelloniemi et al, 2015). In this study, we confirmed that the oxidative stress which Moreover, a MM in which nitrate was replaced by ammonium (12.5 mM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) was also used, as well as the RM medium.…”

“…S2). Gene expression during infection of grape berries (Kelloniemi et al, 2015) and in the DBcve1, DBclae1 and DBcyoh1 mutants (Schumacher et al, 2015;Simon et al, 2013) suggests that the Bcbot1-Bcbot7 genes are co-regulated while the surrounding genes have different expression profiles. Finally, orthology analysis (Fig.…”

Molecular analysis of the early interaction between the grapevine flower and Botrytis cinerea reveals that prompt activation of specific host pathways leads to fungus quiescence

“…H 2 O 2 ‐mediated oxidative cross‐linking and lignin synthesis to reinforce CWA and halt B. cinerea infection were recently shown in grapevine by Kelloniemi et al . (). In their study, the up‐regulation of lignin‐forming enzymes (GLP3 and EXT) together with the accumulation of H 2 O 2 , at the site of Botrytis penetration, was part of the defence mechanisms used by the veraison berry to arrest the pathogen.…”

“…Another study on grapes infected at véraison reported the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of the salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent pathway and the induction of stilbene and lignin biosynthesis as defence mechanisms to arrest B. cinerea progression (Kelloniemi et al . ).…”

Biosynthesis of abscisic acid in fungi: identification of a sesquiterpene cyclase as the key enzyme in Botrytis cinerea

“…In conclusion, the ability to produce ABA among Botrytis species seems to be restricted to B. cinerea and possibly to the other polyphagous species B. pseudocinerea . As ABA plays a multifaceted role in plant immunity (Cao et al ., ), its role in B. cinerea /plant interactions has been investigated by several approaches (Sharon et al ., ; Kelloniemi et al ., ). Interestingly, tomato and Arabidopsis ABA‐deficient mutants are more resistant to B. cinerea (Audenaert et al ., ; Liu et al ., ).…”