“…In Turkey, the topic of quadrilaterals is taught in the seventh grade throughout 15 hours, and the curriculum has a sub-objective for inclusion relations of quadrilaterals (Ministry of National Education [MoNE], 2018). However, a pile of studies has shown that students, pre-service and in-service teachers have various difficulties related to the classifications, definitions, and inclusion relations of quadrilaterals (Akkaş & Türnüklü, 2015;Aktaş & Cansız-Aktaş, 2012;Fujita & Jones, 2006;Karakuş & Erşen, 2016;Loc, Tog, & Hai, 2017;Özkan & Bal, 2017;Türnüklü, 2014;Zeybek, 2017;Zilkova, 2015). For instance, 95% of the primary school students claimed that a square is not a rectangle (Loc et al, 2017).…”