Analysis of the Microbiome on the Surface of Corroded Titanium Dental Implants in Patients with Periimplantitis and Diode Laser Irradiation as an Aid in the Implant Prosthetic Treatment: An Ex Vivo Study

Abstract

The paper presents the optimization of diode laser irradiation of corroded dental implants in order to reduce the number of microorganisms associated peri-implantitis. The research included the identification of microorganisms on the surface of removed dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis and the assessment of the biocidal effectiveness of the diode laser against these microorganisms. Laser desorption/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify microorganisms and metagens were examined by next generation sequencing (NGS). Irradiation was performed with a diode laser with a wavelength of λ = 810, operating mode: 25 W/15.000 Hz/10 μs, average = 3.84 W with the number of repetitions t = 2 × 15 s and t = 3 × 15 s. The structure and surface roughness of the implants were analysed before and after laser irradiation by optical profilometry and optical microscopy with confocal fixation. In total, 16 species of Gram-positive bacteria and 23 species of Gram-negative bacteria were identified on the surface of the implants. A total of 25 species of anaerobic bacteria and 12 species with corrosive potential were detected. After diode laser irradiation, the reduction in bacteria on the implants ranged from 88.85% to 100%, and the reduction in fungi from 87.75% to 96.77%. The reduction in microorganisms in the abutment was greater than in the endosseous fixture. The applied laser doses did not damage, but only cleaned the surface of the titanium implants. After 8 years of embedding, the removed titanium implant showed greater roughness than the 25-year-old implant, which was not exposed to direct influence of the oral cavity environment. The use of a diode laser in an optimised irradiation dose safely reduces the number of microorganisms identified on corroded dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis.

Analysis of the Surface of Historic Fabric from the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum after Treatment with Ethanol Mist Used to Eliminate Microorganisms Harmful to Human Health

“…On 25-year-old corroded metal, the reduction of microorganisms using a diode laser was 88.85-100% [36].…”

Optimization of the Process of Eliminating Microorganisms Harmful to Human Health and Threatening Objects Isolated from Historical Materials from the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Poland (A-BSM) Collection with the Use of Ethanol in the Form of Mist

“…The A-BSM successfully performs disinfection with a diode laser, for which in the medical area, a reduction of bacteria and fungi from 60% to 100% was achieved on various materials [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]; on historical collagen material in the A-BSM, a reduction of 78–92% was achieved, and on cellulose, 90–100% was achieved [ 8 , 23 , 24 ].…”

How Can Imbalance in Oral Microbiota and Immune Response Lead to Dental Implant Problems?

“…This is particularly true in the context of dental implants and other dental materials, when the variety of bacteria and their specific adaptation to the oral environment underscore the need to tailor antibacterial methods to specific types of devices. Therefore, it should be considered that different areas of the oral cavity, due to their unique conditions, may favor the development of specific species of microorganisms, which requires an individual approach in terms of prevention and treatment [41,42,43]. Many oral microorganisms establish biofilms, which are organized assemblies of microbes attached to surfaces and encased within a protective extracellular matrix.…”