Analysis of the Mechanism of Water Inrush Geohazards in Deep-Buried Tunnels under the Complex Geological Environment of Karst Cave-Fractured Zone

Zhang, Weishe; Jiao, Yu‐Yong; Zhang, Guohua; Zhang, Xi; Ou, Guang-Zhao; Lin, Zhiping

doi:10.1007/s12583-022-1619-z

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Therefore, the hydrological behavior of karst aquifers is characterized by the highly variable processes of recharge, storage, and flow types (Bonacci 1987; Rusjan et al 2019). Meanwhile, the flow paths in these systems vary based on the amount and frequency of precipitation due to the multiple spatial structures and karst development (Atkinsson 1977; Mangin 1985; Liu et al 2011; Yuan 2015; Parise et al 2018; Zhang et al 2022). The phenomena affects the transportation of water and solutes in karst hydrogeological systems (Chen et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeological Functioning of a Karst Underground River Basin in Southwest China

Guo,

Huang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Groundwater

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The Maocun underground karst river system in the peak cluster depression is an important source of groundwater in southwest China. Multitracers and high resolution water‐level‐monitoring technology were used to assess and evaluate the hydrogeological structure and flow dynamics. The results showed that the spatial geological structures of the sites had high heterogeneity. Scatter plots of environmental tracers divided the sampling points into groups under different water flow patterns. The karstification was found to increase from sites XLB and LLS to sites BY, SGY and BDP to sites CY and DYQ, where the main water flow patterns at these site groups were diffuse water, both diffuse water and conduit water, and conduit water, respectively. The response times of the subsystems were found to be influenced by the spatial structure, the degree of karstification, and the volume of precipitation and frequency. The average response times of SGY, BDP, ZK, and Outlet in the selected precipitation scenarios were 5.17, 4.08, 16.42, and 5.83 h, respectively. In addition, the EC, δ13CDIC, 222Rn, and δ18O exhibited both linear or exponential relationships. Overall, three hydrogeological conceptual models were constructed showing: (1) high precipitation driving the deep water, resulting in a concentrated flow regime and regional groundwater flow field; (2) both concentrated and diffuse water flows existing under moderate precipitation, resulting in mixed water flow field; (3) the water cycle in the shallow karst aquifer system under low precipitation causing the local groundwater flow field to be dominated by diffuse water flow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeological Functioning of a Karst Underground River Basin in Southwest China

Guo,

Huang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Groundwater

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“…Because the karst conduit is no longer filled with filling material, the water-sand mixture in the karst cavity will easily flow into the tunnel through the karst conduit, which may lead to property losses and even casualties and seriously threatens the safety of the tunnel excavation [20,21]. In order to overcome the serious problems of water-sand inrush through karst conduits uncovered through tunnel excavation, studies of water-sand migration and inrush through karst conduits are urgently needed [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Water–Sand Inrush through a Vertical Karst Conduit Uncovered through Tunnel Excavation

Zhang

Wang

Han

et al. 2023

Water

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The existence of karst compromises the safety of underground engineering, especially during tunnel excavations. Karst conduits are uncovered through tunnel excavations, which may lead to a water–sand inrush disaster. Taking a vertical karst conduit as an example, the process of water–sand inrush through a karst conduit could be viewed as being similar to the process whereby a water–sand mixture flows through the discharge opening of a storage bin. In this study, based on force analysis of a non-aqueous sand body above a karst conduit, the limiting diameter of the karst conduit under force equilibrium was obtained. Considering the effect of water on aqueous sand bodies, the criterion of water–sand inrush was established. We aimed to study water–sand migration and inrush through vertical karst conduits in order to obtain the distribution of the water pressure near a vertical karst conduit, and to explore the relationship between the conduit size, water pressure, and water–sand flow rate; therefore, a simulated testing system for analyzing water–sand inrush through a vertical karst conduit was developed. When the water pressure in the testing chamber was close to the critical head pressure of the water–sand inrush, the water–sand inrush exhibited a pattern of instability—migration—deposition—stability. When the water pressure in the testing chamber exceeded the critical head pressure, the water–sand flow increased first and then stabilized over time. With the increase in the set values of the water pressure and conduit size, the steady flow of the water–sand mixture increased gradually. When the karst conduit was opened suddenly, the actual water pressure in the testing chamber decreased significantly, due to the water–sand mixture flowing out of the testing chamber and the water supply lagging behind. With the stabilization of the water–sand flow, the actual water pressure gradually tended towards stability, but it was still lower than the initial set water pressure. When the karst conduit was opened, the values of the water pressure monitored by the pore pressure gauges all clearly decreased. With the stabilization of the water–sand flow, the water pressure gradually became stable. With the increase in the distance between the pore pressure sensor and the karst conduit, the water pressure values all increased gradually. These test results are significant for further studies of the formation mechanisms of water–sand inrush through vertical karst conduits.

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Review of tunnels and tunnelling under unfavourable geological conditions

Zhang,

Tang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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Considering the rapid expansion of the economy and the increasing demand for infrastructure development, the scale of the tunnelling is expanding, and tunnel is inevitably excavated under unfavourable geological conditions. Consequently, this brings multitude of risks and challenges to tunnels and tunnelling. This paper summarizes the engineering issues associated with five unfavourable geological conditions: soft soil strata, soft and hard composite strata, spatially variable strata, karst strata and subsea conditions. Various analysis methods for deformation problem of tunnel and tunnelling under these unfavourable geological conditions are discussed. The mechanisms of the progressive failure of tunnel faces and collapses of caves in karst tunnels are also presented, as well as the risk assessments and prevention strategies for karst tunnel and water inrush occurrences of subsea tunnel. Furthermore, the analysis of the response of subsea tunnels to dynamic loads such as wave forces and earthquakes is summarized. Additionally, the analysis and prevention techniques for constructing subsea tunnels in fault zones are also considered. Finally, this paper offers a glimpse into potential research directions for future analysis relevant to the topic discussed, aiming to provide guidance for secure construction and maintenance tunnels under unfavourable geological conditions.

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Analysis of the Mechanism of Water Inrush Geohazards in Deep-Buried Tunnels under the Complex Geological Environment of Karst Cave-Fractured Zone

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Hydrogeological Functioning of a Karst Underground River Basin in Southwest China

Hydrogeological Functioning of a Karst Underground River Basin in Southwest China

Study of Water–Sand Inrush through a Vertical Karst Conduit Uncovered through Tunnel Excavation

Review of tunnels and tunnelling under unfavourable geological conditions

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