Analysis of the Load Effect on the Partially Premixed Combustion Concept in a 2-Stroke HSDI Diesel Engine Fueled with Conventional Gasoline

Benajes, Jesús; Martín, Javier Rodríguez; Lima, Daniela de Freitas

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1291

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, the requirements in combustion stability are assured by affecting the temperature at the beginning of the closed cycle. Previous research work focused on the implementation of the PPC concept using a single injection strategy in the current 2-stroke engine, already demonstrated the flexibility for controlling oxygen concentration (YO2,IVC) and temperature (TIVC) at the IVC by using EGR, p and valve overlap as main control levers [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this framework, the flexibility of the 2-stroke architecture for assuring stable PPC operation in medium/low load conditions was already demonstrated by the authors using a single injection strategy with RON95 gasoline [41]. At 5 bar IMEP and 3 bar IMEP it was possible to achieve low NOX emissions (below 0.4 g/kWh) with extremely low soot emissions, while retaining 98% of combustion efficiency and proper combustion stability with a coefficient of variation (CoV) in the IMEP under 3%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A hydraulic cam-driven Variable Valve Timing system allows delaying intake and exhaust valve timings with a cam phasing authority of +30 degrees from base timing, as it was detailed in a previous investigation [41,42]. In this research, the key valve timing angles (EVO/EVC/IVO/IVC) were defined at those crank angle degrees (CAD) where the given valve lift was 0.3 mm.…”

Section: Engine Architecture and Test Cell Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laboratory setup used in the experimental test campaign, as well as the required instrumentation and the accuracy of most important measurement equipment, were fully described in previous publications [41,42]. The trapping ratio is defined as the mass of delivered charge that has been trapped in the cylinder at IVC divided by the mass of delivered charge supplied to the cylinder (fresh air plus EGR).…”

Section: Engine Architecture and Test Cell Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on Multiple Injection Strategies for Gasoline PPC Operation in a Newly Designed 2-Stroke HSDI Compression Ignition Engine

Benajes

Lima

Tribotté

2015

SAE Int. J. Engines

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Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) of fuels in the gasoline octane range has proven its potential to achieve simultaneous reduction in soot and NOX emissions, combined with high indicated efficiencies; while still retaining proper control over combustion phasing with the injection event, contrary to fully premixed strategies. However, gasoline fuels with high octane number as the commonly available for the public provide a challenge to ensure reliable ignition especially in the low load range, while fuel blends with lower octane numbers present problems for extending the ignition delay in the high load range and avoid the onset of knocking-like combustion. Thus, choosing an appropriate fuel and injection strategy is critical to solve these issues, assuring successful PPC operation in the full engine map.In this framework, the objective of the present investigation consists of evaluating the use of multiple injection strategies for achieving stable PPC operation, attaining low NOX and soot emissions together with high efficiencies. This research was carried out in a singlecylinder DOHC 2-stroke HSDI CI engine using 95 Research Octane Number (RON) gasoline fuel. Three different operating conditions in terms of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and speed were investigated: 3.1 bar IMEP and 1250 rpm, 5.5 bar IMEP and 1500 rpm and 10.4 bar IMEP and 1500 rpm. Parametric variations of injection timings, at different rail pressures and different fuel split between injections were experimentally performed to analyze the effect of the injection strategy over the combustion process, exhaust emissions and efficiency levels.Experimental results confirm how using an appropriate injection strategy helps to achieve stable PPC operation in the selected operating conditions; with competitive combustion stability, lower NOX and soot levels, and moderate CO and HC emissions with combustion efficiency over 96%, compared to Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC).Finally, a detailed analysis of the local cylinder conditions was performed by means of 3D-CFD simulations in order to provide guidelines for further optimization of the gasoline PPC concept, when using multiple injection strategies in the 2-stroke engine under development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Engine Architecture and Test Cell Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Engine Architecture and Test Cell Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on Multiple Injection Strategies for Gasoline PPC Operation in a Newly Designed 2-Stroke HSDI Compression Ignition Engine

Benajes

Lima

Tribotté

2015

SAE Int. J. Engines

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“…However, at higher load (10 bar of IMEP) a transition between premixed and mixing-controlled combustion was observed depending on the particular in-cylinder conditions, and the conventional trade-off between NO X and soot emissions was recovered. 30 Thus, present investigation evaluates the strengths and limitations of the 2-stroke poppet valves CI engine under development operating with the CDC concept using diesel fuel and also with the PPC concept using RON95 gasoline. This study was carried out at medium-to-high load (10.4 bar of IMEP) and medium speed (1500 rpm) operating conditions and it includes a detailed analysis of air management and combustion processes together with the exhaust emissions and engine efficiency levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of combustion concepts in a newly designed two-stroke high-speed direct injection compression ignition engine

Benajes

Lima

Tribotté

2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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SAGE PublicationsBenajes Calvo, JV.; Novella Rosa, R.; De Lima Moradell, DA.; Tribotté, P. (2015). Analysis of combustion concepts in a newly designed two-stroke high-speed direct injection compression ignition engine. AbstractTwo main research paths are being followed to develop compression ignition (CI) engines, the extreme optimization of the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) concept and the development of alternative combustion concepts. The optimization of the CDC concept focuses on exploring the potential of the flexibility provided by the new engine subsystems to control the combustion development in an attempt to improve pollutant emissions and efficiency levels. In the frame of the development of alternative combustion concepts, the Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) using high volatility and low reactivity fuels, such as gasoline-like fuels with different octane numbers, has been extensively evaluated in 4-stroke engines, confirming its benefits in terms of emissions and efficiency at medium to high loads, but also its critical problems at low loads including difficulties to assure stable ignition and engine efficiency deterioration. The already confirmed high flexibility of the innovative 2-stroke poppet valves high speed direct injection (HSDI) CI engine under development in terms of air management settings to control the cylinder conditions and affect final combustion environment encouraged the authors to perform a detailed optimization of the CDC concept in an attempt to find the real limits of this engine configuration. Additionally, its compatibility with the PPC concept using a high octane fuel (Research Octane Number 95) with a triple injection strategy for reducing pollutant emissions at medium-to-low load conditions has been evaluated considering also the impact on engine efficiency.Results at low speed and medium load confirm how the engine configuration provides potential for attaining stateof-the-art emission levels operating with the CDC concept, and how emissions and efficiency can be optimized by adjusting the air management settings without facing any additional trade-off aside from that usual between NO X and soot. The feasibility of combining this engine configuration with the PPC concept using gasoline as fuel for controlling pollutant emissions has been also corroborated and, with a fine tuned triple injection strategy, engine efficiency even improves compared to that obtained operating with a well optimized CDC concept.

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Opposed-Piston Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine

Redon¹,

Fromm²,

Salvi³

2022

Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology

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Analysis of the Load Effect on the Partially Premixed Combustion Concept in a 2-Stroke HSDI Diesel Engine Fueled with Conventional Gasoline

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Investigation on Multiple Injection Strategies for Gasoline PPC Operation in a Newly Designed 2-Stroke HSDI Compression Ignition Engine

Investigation on Multiple Injection Strategies for Gasoline PPC Operation in a Newly Designed 2-Stroke HSDI Compression Ignition Engine

Analysis of combustion concepts in a newly designed two-stroke high-speed direct injection compression ignition engine

Opposed-Piston Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine

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