Analysis of the literature shows a remarkably consistent relationship between size and abundance of microplastics across different environmental matrices

Leusch, Frederic; Lu, Hsuan-Cheng; Perera, Kushani; Neale, Peta A.; Ziajahromi, Shima

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120984

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The FTIR spectra and GC− MS pyrogram of the extracted MPs and TWPs are shown in Figure S5. The concentration observed in the stormwater sediment in this study is higher than the concentrations reported in sediment samples from freshwater environments (e.g., rivers, lakes, and wetlands), which usually range from 20 to 2000 MPs/kg, 37 indicating a high abundance of MPs in stormwater drains. In a recent study, Lutz et al 9 quantified MPs in a stormwater drainage system in Western Australia (Perth) and found up to 3500 MP/kg of dry sediment in urban drains, which is comparable with the present study.…”

Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturecontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…reported only 3 MPs/L of ≥100 μm in stormwater samples; however, this increased to 5900 MPs/L when analyzing smaller MPs (>20 μm). There is a clear relationship negative between the size and abundance of MPs in various matrices . Kooi et al also analyzed size distribution reported by different studies and found a decreasing MP concentration with increasing size and highlighted that overlooking small MPs can easily lead to an analysis bias and underestimation of MP abundance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that several factors, such as precipitation, catchment size, type of land use, and analysis methodology (e.g., sampling volume and size of collected MPs), can influence the reported MP abundance in stormwater. 20,37 Jarlskog et al 12 reported only 3 MPs/L of ≥100 μm in stormwater samples; however, this increased to 5900 MPs/L when analyzing smaller MPs (>20 μm). There is a clear relationship negative between the size and abundance of MPs in various matrices.…”

Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, MPs and TWPs were extracted and quantified so as to provide consistent information on their abundance in particles/L, which is the most common unit for MPs reported in the literature. 37 We used pyrolysis GC−MS to confirm the composition of suspected TWPs already extracted (and counted) from stormwater and sediment. Studies that rely solely on pyrolysis GC−MS to identify MPs/TWPs use a different sample processing compared to the methods used in the current study and express their results in mg/L.…”

Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Ziajahromi

Drapper³

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Stormwater has been identified as a pathway for microplastics (MPs), including tire wear particles (TWPs), into aquatic habitats. Our knowledge of the abundance of MPs in urban stormwater and potential strategies to control MPs in stormwater is still limited. In this study, stormwater samples were collected from microlitter capture devices (inlet and outlet) during rain events. Sediment samples were collected from the material captured in the device and from the inlet and outlet of a constructed stormwater wetland. MP (>25 μm) concentration in stormwater varied across different locations ranging from 3.8 to 59 MPs/L in raw and 1.8 to 32 MPs/L in treated stormwater, demonstrating a decrease after passage through the device (35–88% removal). TWPs comprised ∼95% of all particles, followed by polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The concentration of TWPs ranged from 2.5 to 58 TWPs/L and 1450 to 4740 TWPs/kg in stormwater and sediment, respectively. A higher abundance of MPs was found in the sediment at the inlet of the constructed wetland compared to the outlet, indicating a potential role of wetlands in removing MPs from stormwater. These findings suggest that both constructed wetlands and microlitter capture devices can mitigate the transport of MPs from stormwater to the receiving waterways.

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Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturecontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Ziajahromi

Drapper³

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Plastic pollution has emerged as a pressing issue in recent years, receiving substantial attention from scientists, the media, and governments. − Among the various aspects of plastic pollution, microplastics (MPs) that are arbitrarily defined as particles smaller than 5 mm have emerged as a matter of public and regulatory concern since they have been increasingly detected in various ecosystems (such as the air, soil, fresh water, and oceans), food production, human feces, human lung, and even human placenta. − It is important to note that there is a concentration of up to 447 microplastic particles per liter released to downstream aquatic environments (including freshwaters and even drinking water) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) after secondary treatment . As these MPs enter aquatic environments, they are often ingested by a wide range of organisms, resulting in their progressive accumulation within the bodies due to their inability to be effectively broken down or expelled .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Microplastics in the Conflict Between Host Immunity Defense and Viral Virulence: Promoting the Susceptibility of Shrimp to WSSV Infection

Shan

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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As the concentration of microplastics/microspheres (MPs) in coastal and estuarine regions increases, the likelihood of disease outbreaks and epidemics also rises. Our study investigated the impact of polyvinyl chloride MPs (PVC-MPs) on white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp. The results revealed that PVC-MPs obviously increased WSSV replication in vivo, leading to a high mortality rate among the larvae and facilitating the horizontal transmission of WSSV. Furthermore, the data of WSSV loads detected together with qPCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry approaches indicated that PVC-MPs could interact with the virus to prolong survival and maintain the virulence of WSSV at different temperatures and pH values. In terms of host resistance, metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis demonstrated that exposure to PVC-MPs upregulated metabolic concentrations and gene expressions associated with phospholipid metabolism that were associated with innate immunity responses. Particularly, PVC-MPs stimulated the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and induced lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of PC on Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus reduces expression of the innate immunity genes (IFN-like genes Vago4 and Vago5) regulated by STING signaling pathways, resulting in a significant decrease in the shrimp’s resistance to WSSV infection. Notably, a recovery operation in which the exposed larvae were transferred to a MPs-free aquatic environment led to decreased WSSV infectivity over time, indicating the restoration of antiviral properties in shrimp. Overall, these findings highlight that MPs promote shrimp susceptibility to WSSV in two aspects: host immune defense and viral virulence.

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Microplastic on Mountain Trails—a Case Study from the Carpathian and Sudetes Mountains in Poland

Lasota,

Błońska,

Piaszczyk

et al. 2023

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Microplastics are becoming an increasingly common pollutant that can pose a threat to living organisms. The aim of this research was to determine the amount, type, and diversity of microplastics along mountain trails. The study includes three mountain trails, differing in terms of length, difficulty, and number of visitors. The trails were located in the massif of Babia Góra, in the Kościeliska Valley, and Izerska Meadow. During the research, microplastics were determined in snow during the winter period. The research shows high microplastic contamination along the trails. The study area was characterized by the highest content of polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The tiniest plastic below 0.5 mm dominated in all the sampling points, with a small share of sizes within the range of 3.1–4.0 mm and 4.1–5.0 mm. The isolated microplastics varied in color and shape. The conducted analyses confirm that easier, more frequented trails are characterized by a higher content of microplastics. Trails to Babia Góra, which are more demanding, are characterized by a different composition of microplastics as well as a variety of microplastics in terms of size, shape, and color. In addition, the lower-lying fragments of the examined trails were the most heavily contaminated with microplastics. The results indicate the need for further research on microplastic contamination of the soil environment along mountain trails.

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Analysis of the literature shows a remarkably consistent relationship between size and abundance of microplastics across different environmental matrices

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Involvement of Microplastics in the Conflict Between Host Immunity Defense and Viral Virulence: Promoting the Susceptibility of Shrimp to WSSV Infection

Microplastic on Mountain Trails—a Case Study from the Carpathian and Sudetes Mountains in Poland

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