Analysis of the level of selected parameters of inflammation, circulating immune complexes, and related indicators (neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, CRP/CIC) in patients with obstructive diseases

Abstract

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disorder of the airways. An important element of COPD assessment is the evaluation of immune mechanisms involved in non-specific and specific response to ongoing inflammation.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the level of selected inflammatory and immunological parameters in patients with COPD, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and circulating immune complexes (CIC), as well as CRP/CIC index.Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 49 patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD, asthma, and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome) hospitalised in the Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Pulmonology Centre in Bydgoszcz. Patients with COPD were divided into two subgroups, taking into account the severity of the disease according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD; stages B and D). The control group consisted of 30 healthy persons. Levels of CIC were determined by the method of Hasková, and the concentration of CRP in serum by the standard immunoturbidimetric method.ResultsThe median values of examined parameters (neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio – NLR, platelet/lymphocyte ratio – PLR, CRP, CIC, and CRP/CIC index) were significantly higher among patients with obstructive diseases than in the control group. A tendency towards higher lymphocyte count, CRP, and CRP/CIC index in COPD stage D, compared to stage B, was observed.ConclusionsBased on our results, we suggest that the role of non-specific inflammatory mechanisms may increase in more advanced COPD stages (D), compared to less advanced stages (B).

A novel indicator predicts 2019 novel coronavirus infection in subjects with diabetes

“…In previous studies, the possible causes of platelet changes in COVID-19 patients were analyzed and it was shown that the lung may be one of the organs in which mature megakaryocytes release platelets and that thrombocytopenia in patients with SARS-CoV infection may be associated with lung damage [24]. Injury of lung tissue and pulmonary endothelial cells can lead to activation, aggregation, and retention of platelets in the lung, and the formation of thrombus at the injured site, which may lead to the depletion of platelets and megakaryocytes, resulting in decreased platelet production and increased consumption [25].…”

Biochemical biomarkers alterations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

“…Several causes can induce platelet deficiency, such as the direct SARS-CoV2 infection of haematopoietic cells or bone marrow stromal cells, leading to haematopoietic inhibition [30]. The lung injury could also contribute to the platelet depletion due to the activation, aggregation, and retention of platelets in the lung, and the formation of thrombus at the injured site, leading to decreased platelet production and increased consumption [31,32].…”

Platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease‐19

“…(b) Previous studies have shown that the lung may be one of the organs in which mature megakaryocytes release platelets and that thrombocytopenia in patients with SARS-CoV infection may be associated with lung damage 19,20. Extensive alveolar damage both occurred in patients with COVID-19 and SARS, and lung tissue damage was induced by a viral infection and high flow of oxygen.…”

“…Extensive alveolar damage both occurred in patients with COVID-19 and SARS, and lung tissue damage was induced by a viral infection and high flow of oxygen. Injury of lung tissue and pulmonary endothelial cells can lead to activation, aggregation, and retention of platelets in the lung, and the formation of thrombus at the injured site, which may lead to the depletion of platelets and megakaryocytes, resulting in decreased platelet production and increased consumption 20. 21 (c) Huang et al 22 believed that patients with COVID-19 had a large amount of IL-1, F I G U R E 4 Pneumonitis worsens with platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio difference (ΔPLR) elevation in some patients.…”