Analysis of the Interaction between Pisum sativum L. and Rhizobium laguerreae Strains Nodulating This Legume in Northwest Spain

Abstract

Pisum sativum L. (pea) is one of the most cultivated grain legumes in European countries due to the high protein content of its seeds. Nevertheless, the rhizobial microsymbionts of this legume have been scarcely studied in these countries. In this work, we analyzed the rhizobial strains nodulating the pea in a region from Northwestern Spain, where this legume is widely cultivated. The isolated strains were genetically diverse, and the phylogenetic analysis of core and symbiotic genes showed that these strains belong to different clusters related to R. laguerreae sv. viciae. Representative strains of these clusters were able to produce cellulose and cellulases, which are two key molecules in the legume infection process. They formed biofilms and produced acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), which are involved in the quorum sensing regulation process. They also exhibited several plant growth promotion mechanisms, including phosphate solubilization, siderophore, and indole acetic acid production and symbiotic atmospheric nitrogen fixation. All strains showed high symbiotic efficiency on pea plants, indicating that strains of R. laguerreae sv. viciae are promising candidates for the biofertilization of this legume worldwide.

Evaluation of Raw Cheese as a Novel Source of Biofertilizer with a High Level of Biosecurity for Blueberry

“…Standardized measurements were conducted employing a phosphate solubilization index (PSI), which was calculated as the ratio between the halos around the colony and the colony size. Siderophore production was evaluated in M9-CAS-AGAR [32] modified with the addition of a cationic solvent, HDTMA, which stabilizes the Fe-CAS complex, and hence allows the detection of siderophore production due to the appearance of an orange halo around colonies. On the other hand, indole acetic acid production was evaluated in JMM medium [32] supplemented with 167 mg/L of tryptophan.…”

“…Siderophore production was evaluated in M9-CAS-AGAR [32] modified with the addition of a cationic solvent, HDTMA, which stabilizes the Fe-CAS complex, and hence allows the detection of siderophore production due to the appearance of an orange halo around colonies. On the other hand, indole acetic acid production was evaluated in JMM medium [32] supplemented with 167 mg/L of tryptophan. After 7 days of incubation, the supernatants were recovered by centrifugation at 5000× g and filtered using 0.22 µm Millipore filters (Millipore Co., Burlington, MA, USA).…”

Bacterial Fertilizers Based on Rhizobium laguerreae and Bacillus halotolerans Enhance Cichorium endivia L. Phenolic Compound and Mineral Contents and Plant Development

“…We found several studies analyzing its interaction with legume plants. These strains formed biofilms and produced acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) involved in the quorum sensing regulation process [16]. They also solubilize phosphate, produce siderophores and symbiotic atmospheric nitrogen fixation [16].…”

“…These strains formed biofilms and produced acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) involved in the quorum sensing regulation process [16]. They also solubilize phosphate, produce siderophores and symbiotic atmospheric nitrogen fixation [16]. Moreover, Ayuso-Calles and collaborators [17] reported a production of enzymes related to plant food quality such as derivatives of caffeoyl acid and quercetin.…”

Mecanismos de inducción de rizobios para reducir el estrés por sequía en las leguminosas

“…En los últimos años, en el marco de una agricultura sustentable, se está promoviendo el uso de microorganismos para mitigar el estrés por sequía (Enebe y Babalola, 2018;Etesami y Maheshwari, 2018;Kumar Ahirwar et al, 2019). Entre estos microorganismos, algunos rizobios, además de establecer simbiosis con las leguminosas para obtener nitrógeno asimilable, también poseen rasgos de ser promotores del crecimiento de plantas (Flores-Félix et al, 2020). Esta capacidad les permite inducir, en las leguminosas, tolerancia al estrés por sequía (Ojuederie et al, 2019;Yanni et al 2016), a través de diferentes mecanismos como la síntesis de exopolisacáridos, fitohormonas, enzimas, sideróforos, solubilización de fosfatos (Samarakoon y Rajapakse, 2020;Ullah et al, 2017), secuestro de carbono y remediación de suelos áridos y semiáridos (Ayangbenro y Babalola, 2021).…”