Analysis of the instrumental line shape of high-resolution Fourier transform IR spectrometers with gas cell measurements and new retrieval software

Hase, Frank; Blumenstock, Thomas; Paton‐Walsh, Clare

doi:10.1364/ao.38.003417

Cited by 270 publications

(219 citation statements)

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“…The spectra are resampled to a spectral grid of width equal to 1/(2OPD max ) before the analysis to ensure a diagonal noise covariance and to avoid unnecessary computational effort. Over the whole measurement period, the instrumental lineshape was monitored by regular low-pressure gas cell measurements, which were analyzed with the software LINEFIT [Hase et al, 1999]. Observations are made at least once a week so that, on average, monthly means are based on four or more measurement days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Rinsland

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Long-term time series of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO 2 ) total column abundances has been retrieved from high spectral resolution ground-based solar absorption spectra recorded with infrared Fourier transform spectrometers at nine NDSC (Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change) sites in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The data sets span up to 24 years and most extend until the end of 2001. The time series of Cl y (defined here as the sum of the HCl and ClONO 2 columns) from the three locations with the longest time-span records show rapid increases until the early 1990s superimposed on marked day-to-day, seasonal and inter-annual variability. Subsequently, the buildup in Cl y slows and reaches a broad plateau after 1996, also characterized by variability. A similar time evolution is also found in the total chlorine concentration at 55 km altitude derived from Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) global observations since 1991. The stabilization of inorganic chlorine observed in both the total columns and at 55 km altitude indicates that the near-global 1993 organic chlorine (CCl y ) peak at the Earth's surface has now propagated over a broad altitude range in the upper atmosphere, though the time lag is difficult to quantify precisely from the current data sets, due to variability. We compare the three longest measured time series with two-dimensional model calculations extending from 1977 to 2010, based on a halocarbon scenario that assumes past measured trends and a realistic extrapolation into the future. The model predicts broad Cl y maxima consistent with the long-term observations, followed by a slow Cl y decline reaching 12-14% relative to the peak by 2010. The data reported here confirm the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and Adjustments in progressively phasing out the major man-related perturbations of the stratospheric ozone layer, in particular, the anthropogenic chlorinebearing source gases. Citation: Rinsland, C. P., et al., Long-term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground-based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Rinsland

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…A reference low-pressure hydrogen bromide (HBr) cell spectrum is recorded regularly with the internal globar to characterize the instrumental line shape (ILS) and monitor the alignment of the instrument. By using the LINEFIT software analysis (Hase et al, 1999), the modulation efficiency and the phase error are retrieved and included in the forward model.…”

Section: Ftir Measurements At Pearlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five years of CO, HCN, C2H6, C2H2, CH3OH, HCOOH and H2CO total columns measured in the Canadian high Arctic

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We present a five-year time series of seven tropospheric species measured using a ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL; Eureka, Nunavut, Canada; 80 • 05 N, 86 • 42 W) from 2007 to 2011. Total columns and temporal variabilities of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ethane (C 2 H 6 ) as well as the first derived total columns at Eureka of acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), methanol (CH 3 OH), formic acid (HCOOH) and formaldehyde (H 2 CO) are investigated, providing a new data set in the sparsely sampled high latitudes.Total columns are obtained using the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm based on the optimal estimation method. The microwindows as well as the a priori profiles and variabilities are selected to optimize the information content of the retrievals, and error analyses are performed for all seven species. Our retrievals show good sensitivities in the troposphere. The seasonal amplitudes of the time series, ranging from 34 to 104 %, are captured while using a single a priori profile for each species. The time series of the CO, C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 2 total columns at PEARL exhibit strong seasonal cycles with maxima in winter and minima in summer, in opposite phase to the HCN, CH 3 OH, HCOOH and H 2 CO time series. These cycles result from the relative contributions of the photochemistry, oxidation and transport as well as biogenic and biomass burning emissions.Comparisons of the FTIR partial columns with coincident satellite measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) show good agreement. The correlation coefficients and the slopes range from 0.56 to 0.97 and 0.50 to 3.35, respectively, for the seven target species.Our new data set is compared to previous measurements found in the literature to assess atmospheric budgets of these tropospheric species in the high Arctic. The CO and C 2 H 6 concentrations are consistent with negative trends observed over the Northern Hemisphere, attributed to fossil fuel emission decrease. The importance of poleward transport for the atmospheric budgets of HCN and C 2 H 2 is highlighted. Columns and variabilities of CH 3 OH and HCOOH at PEARL are comparable to previous measurements performed at other remote sites. However, the small columns of H 2 CO in early May might reflect its large atmospheric variability and/or the effect of the updated spectroscopic parameters used in our retrievals. Overall, emissions from biomass burning contribute to the day-to-day variabilities of the seven tropospheric species observed at Eureka.

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“…One way to do this is to measure lines of a gas at low pressure (< 1 mbar) in a cell; a suitable gas for this purpose is HBr if appropriate attention is given to the hyperfine structure [Coffey et al, 1998]. From measurements of the spectrum with known line shape, the ILS can be deduced, for example, by the recently developed LINEFIT procedure [Hase et al, 1999]. Several NDSC groups are evaluating these procedures, and some such process will be used routinely to assure the accuracy of the ILS used in the fitting procedure.…”

Section: Consistent Reanalysis Of Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change Fourier transform infrared intercomparison at Table Mountain Facility, November 1996

Goldman¹,

Paton‐Walsh²,

Bell³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. An intercomparison of four Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers, operated side by side by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Center for Atmospheric Research, and National Physical Laboratory groups, using two different spectral fitting algorithms, was conducted at JPL's Table Mountain Facility (TMF) during November 1996. A "blind" comparison of retrieved vertical column amounts, of preselected trace gases in preselected microwindows (mw), and subsequent reanalysis of the results are described. The species analyzed are N2 (3 mw), HF (1 mw), HC1 (1 mw), CH4 (1 mw), 03 (2 mw), N20 (2 mw), HNO3 (2 mw), and CO2 (1 mw). The column agreements from the "blind" phase were within 0.5-2%, except that for HNO3, HF, and 03 the disagreement of the results was up to 10%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. It was found that several systematic effects were neglected in the "blind" phase analysis. Taking these into account in the postanalysis reduced the disagreements to 0.5-1.0% for most cases, and to less than 4%, 3%, and 1% for HNO3, HF, and 03 respectively. It was concluded that zero offsets caused by detector nonlinearity were the main cause of the large errors in HNO3 and other gases (i.e., CO2) retrieved from the HgCdTe spectra. At shorter wavelengths (i.e., HF) we conclude that incomplete modeling of the instrument line shapes (ILS) was the main cause of column differences larger than 1%.

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Analysis of the instrumental line shape of high-resolution Fourier transform IR spectrometers with gas cell measurements and new retrieval software

Cited by 270 publications

References 4 publications

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Five years of CO, HCN, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, HCOOH and H<sub>2</sub>CO total columns measured in the Canadian high Arctic

Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change Fourier transform infrared intercomparison at Table Mountain Facility, November 1996

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Analysis of the instrumental line shape of high-resolution Fourier transform IR spectrometers with gas cell measurements and new retrieval software

Cited by 270 publications

References 4 publications

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Five years of CO, HCN, C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;OH, HCOOH and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO total columns measured in the Canadian high Arctic

Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change Fourier transform infrared intercomparison at Table Mountain Facility, November 1996

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Five years of CO, HCN, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, HCOOH and H<sub>2</sub>CO total columns measured in the Canadian high Arctic