Analysis of the Influence of Type of Diabetes Mellitus on the Development and Type of Glaucoma

Halilovic, Emina Alimanovic; Ljaljević, Sanida; Alimanovic, Ilda; Mavija, Milka; Oros, Ana; Nišić, Faruk

doi:10.5455/medarh.2015.69.34-37

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…44 OAG affects up to six times as many persons of AD as it does those of ED, 45,46 and persons of AD tend to develop OAG earlier, have increased disease severity, and experience more rapid glaucoma progression, resulting in greater loss of visual function. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Several studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) may be a risk factor for the development and progression of OAG [54][55][56][57][58] and an impaired retrobulbar blood flow has been shown in OAG patients with DM compared to those without. 20 Contrary to what we would expect, in our study no statistical differences were found in the WPs when comparing glaucoma patients of ED and AD, or with and without DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveform parameters of retrobulbar vessels in glaucoma patients with different demographics and disease severity

Carichino

Harris

Lapin

et al. 2019

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Introduction: To identify novel velocity waveform parameters of the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery by computer-aided image processing of Doppler ultrasonography measurements, and to evaluate correlations between the waveform parameters and different demographics and disease severity of open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: Thirty-six images of 36 open-angle glaucoma patients were considered. A semiautomated image processing code was used to detect the digitalized ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery velocity waveforms and to extract the waveform parameters. Concordance correlation coefficient, two-sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to test for similarities, differences, and associations among variables. Results: Female glaucoma patients showed a statistically higher ophthalmic artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb (p = 0.004), hypertensive glaucoma patients a statistically higher ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity time (p = 0.025), glaucoma patients with hyperlipidemia a statistically higher ophthalmic artery resistivity index (p = 0.023) and a statistically higher ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity acceleration (p = 0.025), glaucoma patients with cardiovascular diseases a statistically lower central retinal artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb of the wave (p = 0.033) and a statistically higher central retinal artery period (p = 0.028), and patients with different body mass index a statistically different central retinal artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb of the wave (p = 0.016). Groups with different disease severity, classified following the Brusini glaucoma staging system 2, showed statistically different central retinal artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb of the wave (p < 0.001) and central retinal artery period (p = 0.016). No statistical differences were found in regard to race, diabetes status, glaucoma family history, and smoking. Discussion: Ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery computer-aided analysis of velocity waveforms could identify novel waveform parameters capable of differentiating among different demographics and disease severity of open-angle glaucoma patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveform parameters of retrobulbar vessels in glaucoma patients with different demographics and disease severity

Carichino

Harris

Lapin

et al. 2019

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…These studies also show that diabetes mellitus increases the risk of secondary glaucoma by a considerably higher degree than it does the risk of developing primary glaucoma. Primary glaucoma is more often diagnosed in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, while secondary glaucoma is more frequently associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [37].…”

Section: Correlation Between Diabetes Mellitus and Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beeinflusst Diabetes mellitus die Adhärenz von Glaukompatienten?

Zhao

Hirneiß

2022

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

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Bei chronisch progredienten und therapierbaren Erkrankungen ist die Adhärenz der Patienten ausschlaggebend für den Krankheitsverlauf und entscheidet maßgeblich über den Therapieerfolg. Dabei ist nicht nur eine geringe Adhärenz bei der Medikamenteneinnahme problematisch, sondern auch beim Einhalten der empfohlenen Nachuntersuchungen. Eine akkurate Einschätzung der Adhärenz ist insbesondere bei Glaukom-Patienten nur schwer möglich aufgrund der Darreichungsform als Augentropfen bei den meisten drucksenkenden Medikamenten. In der Literatur lässt sich eine große Variabilität an Angaben für die Adhärenz von Glaukom-Patienten finden. Die meisten Studien berichten eine durchschnittliche Arzneimittel-Adhärenz von ungefähr 70% mit einem Patientenanteil von um die 50% mit einer guten Adhärenz (mindestens 80% der Medikation wird wie geplant appliziert). Des Weiteren landen 6.8 – 31.4% der Augentropfen nicht im Auge, wodurch noch weniger Wirkstoff einen therapeutischen Effekt erzielen kann. Auch weisen Glaukom-Patienten eine geringe Persistenz und Adhärenz in puncto Kontrolluntersuchungen auf. Da ein bestehender Diabetes das Risiko für ein POAG und sekundäre Glaukom-Formen steigert und Diabetiker eine besonders niedrige Adhärenz aufweisen, stellte sich die Frage, ob eine Diabetes-Diagnose mit einer erniedrigten Adhärenz bei Glaukom-Patienten assoziiert ist. Bisherige Studien fanden keine signifikante Assoziation zwischen einer Diabetes-Komorbidität und einer erniedrigten Adhärenz bei Glaukom-Patienten, allerdings wurde ein signifikanter Einfluss von einem erhöhten HbA1c-Wert auf die Adhärenz bei Glaukom-Patienten in einer Studie festgestellt. Dieser Zusammenhang muss allerdings noch in Studien mit größeren Stichproben genauer untersucht werden. In case of chronic diseases, patient adherence plays a decisive role for delaying disease progression and determine the success of therapy. Not only low medication-adherence is problematic, but also non-adherence to recommended follow-up examinations. An accurate estimate of adherence is difficult, especially in glaucoma, due to the way of administration for most antihypertensive drugs in the form of eye drops. In literature, there is a great variability of adherence found in glaucoma patients. Most studies report an average medication-adherence of approximately 70%, with around 50% of patients with good adherence (at least 80% of medication administered as planned). Furthermore, 6.8 – 31.4% of the eye drops do not end up in the eye, which means that even less active ingredient can achieve a therapeutic effect. Glaucoma patients also show low persistence and adherence to follow-up appointments. Since diabetes increases the risk for POAG and secondary glaucoma and given that diabetics have a particularly low adherence, the question arose whether a diabetes diagnosis is associated with reduced adherence in glaucoma patients. Previous studies found no significant association between diabetes and reduced adherence in glaucoma patients. But a significant impact of elevated HbA1c on adherence in glaucoma patients was found in one study. However, this connection still needs to be examined more closely in studies with larger samples.

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“…Patients with T1DM have 5.94 times greater risk of developing secondary glaucoma while patients with T2DM demonstrate a 4.43 times greater risk. 45 Additionally, POAG is more common in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy than in patients with pre-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 45 Emerging evidence suggests that impaired ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and regulation of retinal blood flow observed in diabetic patients contributes to glaucomatous progression.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 Additionally, POAG is more common in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy than in patients with pre-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 45 Emerging evidence suggests that impaired ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and regulation of retinal blood flow observed in diabetic patients contributes to glaucomatous progression. 46 Central retinal artery peak systolic velocity is lower in DM, which correlates to reduce OPP.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling and glaucoma: the need for an individualized approach to risk assessment

Vercellin

Harris

Cordell³

et al. 2016

MAIO

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Primary open-angle glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss and subsequent visual field impairment. Elevated intraocular pressure remains the only treatable and modifiable risk factor and vascular impairment has been demonstrated in glaucomatous patients. New research has uncovered varying and often contradictory data suggesting more than just a casual correlation with ethnicity, diabetes, gender, obesity and age. Little is known about each variables’ contribution to the etiology of glaucoma and how their presence or absence with other risk factors potentiate or reduce an individual’s overall risk. The realization that glaucoma is more than a simple, binary disease necessitates a next-generation mathematical model with the capability to integrate individual patient characteristics and clinical risk factors to predict its formation and progression.

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Analysis of the Influence of Type of Diabetes Mellitus on the Development and Type of Glaucoma

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Waveform parameters of retrobulbar vessels in glaucoma patients with different demographics and disease severity

Waveform parameters of retrobulbar vessels in glaucoma patients with different demographics and disease severity

Beeinflusst Diabetes mellitus die Adhärenz von Glaukompatienten?

Mathematical modeling and glaucoma: the need for an individualized approach to risk assessment

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